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9thSMT
9th Grade Science Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trophic Level | Where animals are in the food chain. For example: Plants first trophic level, insects second trophic level, frog third trophic level |
| Energy Pyramid/10% rule | How much energy one animal is getting from eating another. Only achieving 10% each time. |
| Autotroph/Producer | Something that can produce food for itself |
| Heterotroph/Consumer | An animal that relies on other animals for food |
| Food Chain/Web | What animals eat the other animals |
| Mechanical and Chemical Weathering | How a rock is broken down. Mechanical:Ice Wedging, Abrasion, Root Pry and Animal Action. Chemical: Oxidation, Hydrolysis, Carbonation, Acid Precipitation, Plant Acid |
| Erosion | How a rock is moved. Water: Runoff, Drainage Basin, Watershed, Deposition, and Waves. Gravity: Mass Wasting. Glaciers and Wind |
| Rock Cycle | How rocks are created |
| Igneous Rock | Cooled Lava or Magma. Extrusive and Intrusive |
| Sedimentary Rock | Sediment Compressed and Cementation. Clastic, Chemical, and Biological/Organic |
| Metamorphic Rock | Heat and Pressure. Foliated or Nonfoliated |
| Igneous Intrusion | Batholith, Laccolith, Sill/Dike, |
| Igneous Extrusion | Lava Plateau, Volcanic Neck |
| The Scientific Method | Observe, Hypothesis, Test your Hypothesis, Collect Data, Repute or Report |
| Independent Variable vs. Dependent Variable | Independent is the substance with the unknown ending, and the Dependent is what you are testing it on. Example: These whitening strips will make my teeth clean. Whitening strips are the independent while my teeth is the dependent. |
| Control | A Control Group is using a substance that you will know the out come of. The main Control Group is water. |
| Accuracy vs. Precision | Accuracy is when you are not fully right but you are around there while Precision is when you could be way off but you get into a lot of detail. Example: around 15 years old; 14 years, 6 months, 2 weeks, 5 days, 13 hours, 49 min, and 7 sec old |
| Chemical and Physical Properties | Physical properties are determined by the sample size; weight, hight, volume. While Chemical is not; color, elements, density. |
| Pure Substance | An element |
| Compound | Two or more elements combined |
| Heterogeneous Mixtures | Heterogeneous mixtures are mixtures that aren't really mixed; fruit salad. Suspension; A heterogeneous mixture that is you shake it up it looks well mixed; salad dressing |
| Homogeneous Mixtures | Mixture that are uniform all the way through; tooth paste. Alloy; metal. Solution: Can see through. Colloid; Can't see through. |
| Atomic mass | How much an atom weighs |
| Atom | Made up of protons(+), neutrons, and electrons(-). An atom is based on the number of protons it has |
| Nucleus | Where the Protons and Neutrons are located. |
| Electron Cloud | where the electrons are located |
| Valence electron | The left over electrons |
| Cation vs. Anion | Cation is a positive atom, while an anion is a negative. |
| Isotope | An atom that has the same amount of protons but different amount of neutrons |
| The Big Bang | First there was nothing then there was a big bang and all of the atoms everywhere were released |
| Chemical Bond | When two atoms share, give, or take valence electrons. |
| Ionic vs. Covalent Bond | Ionic is when the atoms give or take the valence electrons, while Covalent is when they share. |
| Polar Covalent Bond | When there are partial charges because the valence electrons are unequally shared. example; Water |
| Reactants and Products | Reactants are before the yield sign while Products are after. |
| Subscripts and Coefficients | Subscripts are the numbers that tell you how many of that element you need while Coefficients tell you how many of the compound you need. |
| Surface Tension | With water the molecules on the tops are closer together so the top is harder than in the middle. |
| Hydrogen Bond | When another Element bonds with Hydrogen |
| Capillary Action | When Water uses Cohesion and Adhesion to climb up a pipe. |
| Cohesion and Adhesion | When water sticks to itself (Cohesion), when water sticks to other things (Adhesion) |
| Specific Heat Capacity | The temperature needed to heat up 1gram of the substance by 1°C. |
| Solubility | One Substance dissolving into another. |
| Solute | What is being dissolved |
| Solvent | What it is being dissolved into. |
| Dilute vs. Concentrated | Dilute not as much solute, Concentrated a lot of solute, is based on an opinion |
| Saturated vs. Unsaturated | Saturated can hold no more Solute, while Unsaturated can hold more. |
| 5 most abundant elements found in the earths crust | Silicon, Oxygen, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium |
| The "life" element | Carbon |
| 2 most abundant element in the earths atmosphere | Oxygen-50% Silicon-25% |
| Know the 7 diatomic elements | Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Florine |
Created by:
DiNapolo14
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