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Oral Histo/Embryo
Final Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the primary germ layers? | Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm |
| What does ectoderm form? | skin, lining of oral & nasal cavity, enamel, salivary glands, nerves |
| What does mesoderm form? | skeleton, muscles, blood(connective tissues),some internal organs |
| What does endoderm form? | lining of lungs, G.I, genitourinary system, pharynx, liver |
| Name the types of tissues? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nerve |
| Where in the body can you find all 4 types of tissues? | tongue |
| Which tissues are mostly composed of cells? | muscle, nerve |
| Which is the most abundant basic tissue by weight? | connective |
| What are the 2 basic components of blood? | plasma, cellular formed parts |
| Which white blood cell is the first line of defense? | neutrophils |
| Which white blood cell is present during long standing infections? | plasma cells |
| Which tissue does not contain any blood vessels? | epithelial |
| What are the different variations of connective tissues? | solid-soft: adipose & areolar solid-firm: cartilage solid-rigid: bone (calcified) fluid: blood/lymph |
| What does the supraperiosteal arterioles supply blood to? | facial and lingual surfaces of alveolar bone |
| What are the functions of the B and T lymphocytes? | T-cell mediated, promotes phagocytosis B-produces plasma cells, humoral defense |
| Where would you find stratified squamous epithelium? | skin, lining of mouth, pharynx, vagina, part of bladder |
| What are the 3 forms of SSE? | keratinized, nonkeratinized, or parakeratinized |
| What layers are always present in any type of SSE? | basal, prickle |
| How many layers are present in (ortho)keratinized epithelium? | all 4 layers present |
| What is the most common OMM in the oral cavity? | nonkeratinized epithelium (lining mucosa) |
| Name the nonepithelial resident cells present in epithelium? | melanocytes, langerhans, merkle, wbc's |
| What OMM is greatest in the palate but can be found in parts of the masticatory and specialized? | (ortho)keratinized |
| What OMM can be found in most areas of masticatory and some of specialized? | parakeratinized |
| What is a thin noncellular membrane between connective tissue and the basal cell layer of epithelium that supports and cushions epithelium and acts as a filter barrier for epithelium and connective tissue? | basement membrane |
| What are the 2 main layers of basement membrane? | basal lamina, reticular lamina |
| Epithelium is attached to connective tissue via ___________ through the basement membrane. | hemidesmosomes |
| Which layer of the basement membrane is an amorphous layer; collagen fibers; derived from epithelial tissue? | basal lamina |
| What is reticular lamina derived from? | connective tissue |
| What are the 2 layers of connective tissue? | papillary, reticular |
| Which layer of connective tissue is the bulk of lamina propia? | reticular |
| Tall narrow epithelial extensions called ______, project into CT and cause stippling. | rete pegs |
| What are 2 ways of attachment for the CT of the oral mucosa? | attached directly and rests on a submucosa |
| Where can submucosa be found? | mostly in palate (except in areas of rugae and raphe) cheeks and lips. *never in gingiva* |
| Color of gingiva depends upon? | pigmentation, keratinization, thickness of epithelium, vascularity |
| Why is attached gingiva and buccal mucosa mainly pink - not red? | because of the thickness of the epithelium |
| What OMM(s) is considered masticatory mucosa? | hard palate gingiva-free/attached |
| What OMM(s) is considered specialized mucosa? | dorsal surface of tongue |
| What OMM(s) is considered linning mucosa? | lips, buccal, ventral of tongue, floor of mouth, soft palate, sulcus, alveolar mucosa |
| Which layer of epithelium is 2-3 cells thick? | granular |
| Most of mitosis takes place in which layer of epithelium? | basal |
| In what kind of epithelium is the granular layer indistinct from the top layer? | parakeratinized |
| In what kind of epithelium is the basal and prickle lyers the only distinct layers? | nonkeratinized |
| Name the major salivary glands fome largest to smallest | parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
| Which minor salivary gland is associated with circumvallate papillae and secretes only serous? | von Ebner's |
| What are the CT components of salivary glands? | CT-capsule, septum |
| What is the function of the myoepithelial cell? | surrounds end of acini and squeezes saliva out into ducts |
| What are the functions of saliva? | mastication, solvent, digestive, lubricant, buffer |
| T/F Does saliva inhibit growth of bacteria? | true - by proteins in saliva |
| A cleft lip will be obvious by the end of the _______ month in utero. | second |
| The palate forms between the ______ and ______ weeks in utero. | sixth, twelfth |
| The ______ should be completely fused by the end of the ______ week. | palate, twelfth |
| A cleft palate becomes visible by the end of the _____ month in utero. | third |
| What fails to fuse if cleft lip? | maxillary process and globular (median nasal) process |
| What fails to fuse if cleft palate? | palatal shelves with primary palate or with each other |
| Which stage of development takes place between 2-8 wks and is where most malformation occurs? | embryonic |
| Which stage of development is a time of growth and maturation? | fetal |
| What are neural crest cells derived from? | ectoderm, neurectoderm |
| Neural crest cells only differentiate in the ______ region at cephalic end of neural tube. | facial |
| What is the most critical time for facial development? | 3-6wks |
| After creation of the stomodeum __________ arch and related tissues are the first portions to form. | mandibular |
| Mesoderm of first (man) arch arch forms muscles of ________ | mastication |
| Mesoderm of second (hyoid) arch forms muscles of _________ | facial expression |
| All facial and oral structures form from the frontal process and the first brachial (pharyngeal) arch (mandibular) except for the _________ | base of the tongue |
| In what weeks does the tongue develop? | 4-8 |
| In what weeks does the maxillary lip develop? | 4-6 |
| In what week does tooth development begin? | 6 |
| What is the first sign of tooth development? | primary dental lamina |
| What does the enamel organ form? | enamel (ectoderm) |
| What does the dental papilla form? | pulp, dentin (mesenchyme) |
| What does the dental sac form? | cementum, pdl, lamina dura (mesenchyme) |
| What are the 2 embryonic tissues in a tooth germ? | ectoderm, mesenchyme |
| What embryonic tissue from the dental lamina is from oral epithelium and forms enamel? | ectoderm |
| What embryonic tissue from neural crest cells, underlies ectoderm and is a specialized connective tissue? | mesenchyme |
| What are the 2 phases in tooth development? | morphodifferentiation, cytodifferentiation |
| In what phase of tooth development is the shape of the tooth established? | morphodifferentiation |
| What occurs during the cytodifferentiation or histodifferentiation phase of tooth development? | process of differentiation of specialized groups of cells into enamel, dentin, cementum or pulp forming cells |
| What are the 3 stages of enamel organ development? | bud, cap, bell |
| What are the 4 layers of the enamel organ? | OEE, SR, SI, IEE |
| The cervical loop is where the ____ and ____ meet at the most apical edge. | OEE, IEE |
| Cervical loop is the future area of the _____ | CEJ |
| During the bell stage fibroblasts differentiate into what? | odontoblasts |
| What forms first dentin or enamel? | dentin |
| What does the Hertwigs root sheath do? | guides formation of the root |
| What forms the Hertwigs root sheath? | OEE and IEE |
| What determines how many roots a tooth will have? | epithelial diaphragm |
| What does REE become? | epithelial lining of th sulcus and the (primary) junctional epithelium |
Created by:
cpedroza5
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