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Science CCP

QuestionAnswer
gravity (physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe
oceanography the branch of science dealing with physical and biological aspects of the oceans
outer core a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth
crust the outer layer of the Earth
law of conservation of angular momentum states that if no external torque acts on an object, then its angular momentum does not change
environmental geosciences Scientific field concerned with applying the findings of geologic research to the problems of land use and civil engineering
meteorology the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather)
mantle the layer of the earth between the crust and the core
lithosphere the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle
geology a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
astronomy the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
asthenosphere the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats
nebula an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space
inner core a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth
plasticity the property of being physically malleable
density the amount of matter in a given space
atom (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element
ionic bond a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion
neutron a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
crystal a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern
metal a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten
ion atom that has a positive or negative charge
native mineral a mineral that contains only one kind of atom and is therefore a pure element
covalent bond a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
matter that which has mass and occupies space
element any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter
molecule (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
compound (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight
mass number the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
proton a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
mineral a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
isotope atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
nonmetal a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties
electron negatively charged particle; located outside the atomic nucleus
silicate describes a mineral that contains silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements
cleavage a mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces
ferromagnesian silicate a silicate mineral containing atoms of iron and magnesium and dark in color
melting change from a solid to a liquid
rock- forming minerals the common minerals that make up most of the rocks in Earth's crust
chemical produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules
clastic sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together
metamorphic Rocks changed by intense heat or extreme pressure
felsic Describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color.
intrusive a type of ingneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface.
color the appearance of objects (or light sources) described in terms of a person's perception of their hue and lightness (or brightness) and saturation
fracture a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
luster the quality of giving off light, brightness, glitter, brilliance
specific gravity ratio of a mineral's weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water
organic relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis
regional metamorphism a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area, generally as a result of tectonic forces
igneous rock formed from cooled magma or lava
mafic describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color
extrusive fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface
crystal shape results from the way atoms or molecules come together as the mineral is forming
hardness measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
mica any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves
streak the color of a mineral in powdered form
porphyry igneous rock containing feldspar or quartz crystals
contact metamorphism a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma
sedimentary rock that is formed from layers of sediments that are pressed and squeezed together until it hardens
stratification the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers
foliation The metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands.
feldspar minerals that are the main component of most rocks on the earth's surface
alloy a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten
mineralogy the branch of geology that studies minerals: their structure and properties and the ways of distinguishing them
plutonic refers to igneous rocks that have crystalized at greath depth
volcanic igneous rock produced by eruption and solidified on or near the earth's surface
rock a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter
texture the feel of a surface or a fabric
fossils the perserved trace, imprint, or remains of a plant or animal
ore a mineral or rock that contains a useful substance that can be mined for profit
craton The ancient core of a continent usually the oldest and most ancient rock of a continent.
epicenter triangulation The method of locating an epicenter by determining how far it lies from three widely separated seismographs.
subduction a geological process in which one edge of a crustal plate is forced sideways and downward into the mantle below another plate
focus the point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins
ring of fire a major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean
p wave A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground.
continental collision when two continental plates collide pushing the continental crust up to form mountains
diverging plate boundary When two tectonic or lithospheric plates dived or move away from each other
earthquake shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity
richter magnitude scale A scale that is used to compare the strength of the earthquakes based upon the amount of energy released
seismograph a measuring instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity and direction and duration of movements of the ground (as an earthquake)
s wave a type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side
converging plate boundary A boundary in which two plates collide. The collision can be between two continents (continental collision), an relatively dense oceanic plate and a more buoyant continental plate (subduction zone) or two oceanic plates (subduction zone).
fault (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
plate tectonics the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
epicenter the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
mohorovicic discontinuity the boundary between the earth's crust and the upper part of the Asthenosphere; seismic waves change speed at this boundary
seismogram the record of an earthquake's seismic waves produced by a seismograph
l wave slowest siesmic wave it moves thruogh the earths surface
protoplanet An early state of a planet
protoplanet hypothesis A widely accepted explanation for the formation of Earth and the solar system from the condensation of dust and other matter in the gases surrounding the sun.
eratosthenes The head librarian at Alexandria during the third century B.C.; he was one of the first cartographers. Performed a remarkably accurate computation of the earth's circumference. He is also credited with coining the term "geography."
Theory of Continental Drift The theory that the continents were once combined and then drifted apart.
atomic weight the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
circumference The distance around a circle
Created by: 1337128231
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