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A&Pfinal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bursae are flattened fibrous discs lined with _________. | Synovial Membrane |
| Synovial Fluid is __________. | Stored in the articular cartilage, reabsorbed at rest, and has an egg white consistency when released. *All of these |
| Bones only partially developed at birth which grow and fuse in early childhood form seams _________. | Sutures |
| Any area where two or more bones meet is called a _________. | Joint |
| An example of a cartilaginous joint is a _______________. | Symphysis |
| A joint represented by a tooth within its socket is called a __________. | Gomphosis |
| A flattened fibrous area containing synovial fluid is a ____________. | Tendon sheath |
| Synovial joints include all of the following _______, ________, _________, __________. | Articular cartilage, fibrous capsule, tendon sheaths, and synovial membranes. DOES NOT CONTAIN SYMPHYSIS. |
| The four major synovial joints include _______, ______, ______, _______. | Hip, knee, elbow, shoulder. DOES NOT INCLUDE THE ANKLE. |
| The patella is enclosed in a part of the knee called the ________. | Quadriceps tendon |
| Deposition of uric acid crystals in joints is a characteristic of ___________. | Gout |
| The joint that becomes softened during pregnancy is the _____________. | Pubic symphysis |
| When synovial joints bend along the sagittal plane, the movement is called __________. | Flexion |
| The reverse of the movement of 'bending along the sagittal plane' which involves straightening a joint is ___________. | Extension |
| Dorsiflexion involves ____________________________. | Lifting a foot with the toes turning upward. |
| The body areas which can normally be hyperextended are the midspine at the waist and the _______. | Head |
| Moving the distal end of a limb in a circle is called _______________. | Circumduction |
| Placing the hands "palms up" is called ____________. | Supination |
| The ulna is located on the _______________. | Little finger side during pronation. |
| Of the four major limb joints, the only one not fully enclosed by a synovial capsule is the ________. | Knee |
| The cruciate ligaments are name according to their attachment to the _____________. | Tibia |
| The patella is enclosed within the _______________. | Quadriceps tendon |
| The surgical procedure involving joint repair is __________. | Arthroscopy |
| The surgical procedure involving joint replacement is ______________. | Arthroplasty |
| The surgical procedure involving joint fusion is ___________. | Arthrodesis |
| The head of the femur fits into a cavity in the coxal bone called the ___________. | Acetabulum |
| The type of muscle that is visceral, nonstriated and involuntary is _________. | Smooth |
| The striations of skeletal muscle result from _________. | Different colors of proteins |
| Bundles of muscle fibers bound together in fascicles are surrounded by _________. | Perimysium |
| When a muscle or nerve cell repolarizes, __________ and ________. | Sodium gates close and Potassium gates open. |
| Isometric exercise involves a build-up of tension with, or without movement? | Without |
| A muscle fiber is the same as a muscle ________. | Cell |
| The unit of muscle function where actual shortening (filament sliding) occurs is the _______. | Sarcomere |
| Myosin filaments are anchored near the middle of a sarcomere at the _____. | M line |
| A metastasizing mass dissolves its way through a basement membrane by means of an enzyme. | A kinase |
| Acetylcholin is released into the synapse under the stimulation of ___________. | Calcium ions |
| The structure located on the thin filament that binds with calcium is _________. | Troponin complex |
| The major role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is to release _________. | Ionic calcium |
| Skeletal muscle fibers at rest (polarized) have a negative charge inside the sarcolemma because of _____________. | Potassium |
| In smooth muscle contraction, calcium reacts with _________. | Calmodulin |
| Smooth muscle cells receive nerve stimulation from the _______________. | Autonomic nervous system. |
| The only energy source that can be used directly for muscle contraction is _________. | ATP |
| The response of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus is a ______________. | Muscle twitch. |
| Messages entering the central nervous system from the peripheral system are _________. | Sensory and afferent |
| Sensory and afferent messages enter the spinal cord at a ____________. | Dorsal root ganglion |
| Neuroglial cells present in the CNS which are responsible selectively to protect neuron absorption of potentially harmful substances from capillaries, are called __________________. | Ependymal cells |
| Cells that myelate axons in the PNS are ____________. | Schwann cells |
| Glial cells that myelate CNS neurons are ___________. | Ependymal cells |
| The majority of neurons in the body are classified as __________. | Bipolar |
| The action potential originates at the _____________. | Axon hillock |
| When an axon membrane is polarized, negative charges inside result from the presence of _________. | Sodium |
| The neurotransmitter most frequently found in the PNS is ______________. | Acetylcholine |
| In myelinated peripheral neurons, saltatory conduction occurs between __________. | Schwann cells |
| In developing human embryos, by the end of week 5, the primary brain vesicle that will form the cerebrum is the _____________. | Dicephalon |
| Cerebrospinal fluid is circulated in ventricles by cilia of ______________. | Astrocytes |
| The outer layer of the cerebrum is the cortex consisting of gray matter which is composed of __________. | Gyri |
| The primary motor area is separated from the parietal lobe by a groove called the _____________. | Central sulcus |
| After an action potential has passed, polarization is restored by the action of _______________. | Sodium/Potassium pump |
| Other than visual areas, most of the information from the other major senses is analyzed in which lobe? | Frontal lobe |
| The hypothalamus is deeply involved in ____________. | Homeostasis, Autonomic activities and memory. *All of these |
| Commisural fibers are fibers that run ______________. | Between the two hemispheres |
| In the central nervous system, a collection of nerve cell bodies is called a __________. | Nucleus |
| The "gateway" to the cerebral cortex through which virtually all information is carried is the ____________. | Thalamus |
| The area involved in fine-tuning and coordinating muscular response and puzzle solving is the _________. | Cerebellum |
| Glaucoma is a lack of drainage of _____________. | Aqueous humor |
| The area of sharpest focus is the _______________. | Ganglion cell layer |
| The near-sighted eye is _____________. | Larger |
| The posterior segment contains __________. | Macula lutea, Rods, Vitreous humor, Optic disc. *DOES NOT CONTAIN AQUEOUS HUMOR |
| Circumvalate taste buds are found __________. | Across the top surface of the tongue |
| The most direct influence over autonomic function is the __________. | Hypothalamus |
| Norepinephrine is produced in _____________ neurons in the sympathetic system. | Preganglionic *NOT POSTganglionic |
| Parasympathetic target organs have receptors for acetylcholine that are ____________. | Adrenergic |
| Preganglionic neurons are longer than postganglionic neurons in the ______________. | Sympathetic system |
| Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic system emerge from the spinal cord in the ________________. | Thoracolumbar region |
| The rest/digest division of the ANS is the ______________. | Sympathetic |
| The autonomic nervous system is associated with ____________. | Both voluntary and involuntary events |
| The nerve innervating the diaphram is the __________. | Phrenic nerve |
| The cranial nerve associated with Tic douloureau is ______________. | Facial |
| A nerve is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called ________________. | Perimysium |
| Spinal chord trauma involving both lower limbs is __________. | Paraplegia |
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