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NMS 2 - PCC
exam 1 - NMS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crawling pain | Myofacial |
| Throbbing pain | Vascular |
| Localized pain | Peripheral |
| Difuse pain | Central |
| Sharp pain on motion | Joint |
| Constant pain | Joint or nerve |
| Burning, hot, sharp pain not on motion | Nerve |
| Stabbing, lightening like pain | Nerve |
| Dull, cramp, know | Muscle |
| Deep burning, dull | Ligament |
| Pinpoint pain | Myofacial triggerpoint |
| Minimal pain = | Annoyance but no impairment |
| Slight pain = | Tolerated but some impairement with activity |
| Moderate pain = | Marked imparement with activity |
| Marked pain = | Signs and symptoms preclude any activity |
| What are the time divisions for pain | Intermittent, Occational, Frequent, Constant |
| Cacosmia | Abnormally disagreable smell |
| Parosmia | Perversion of smell |
| Foster Kennedy syndrome | Tumor at the base of the frontal lobe, Ipsi blindness + anosmia |
| Exotropia | OUtward + Lateral |
| Esotropia | Inward |
| Function of MLF | Coordinate eye mouvement |
| Cavernous sinus lesion | CN 3,4, 5,6 |
| Cormiosis | Pupilloconstriction |
| Horner's | Ptosis, Cormiosis, Ipsi facial anhydrosis, Enophthalmos, P-A and Lat films |
| Accomodation is what CN? | 3 |
| Swinging flash-light test is for what CN? | 2 |
| Marcus Gunn phenomenon | is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test[1] whereupon the patient's pupils constrict less (therefore appearing to dilate) when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye. |
| Why would the red reflex be absent? | Cateracts, corneal scar, vitreous floaters |
| For pallenesthisia, what is the tunning fork used? | 128Hz |
| What tract? Light touch. Sharp pain and Temp. Vibratory of upper extremity. Vibratory of lower extremity. | 1. Anterior spinothelamic 2. Lateral spinothalamic 3. Cunetus 4. Gracilis |
| Carpal tunnel = what nerve? | Meidan! |
| Tarsal Tunnel = what nerve? | Tibial! |
| Pronator teres syndrome = what nerve? | Median |
| Pain and pressure: Achille's, Testicles, Ulnar | 1. Abadie's 2. Pitre's 3. Biernacki's |
| Stereognosis | Able to ID an object by touching it |
| Topognosis | The ability to recognize tacticle stimulation |
| Somatognosis | Able to ID where your arm is... |
| Nosognosis | Patient deny's that they are in fact sick (hemipeligia) |
| Knife clasp syndrome | Increased rigidity on initial mouvement |
| Hypotonia | Damage to reflex arc... LMNL |
| Deficit phenomena | LMNL, decrease tone, stretch reflex, strenght and volume |
| Release phenomena | Exageration of normal neurologic function due to loss of cortical inhibition |
| patholigical clonus | continued, involuntary rapid flexion and extension of a muscle while a joint is under sustained resistance |
| Reflex: Biceps | C5 |
| Reflex: Brachio | C6 |
| Reflex: Triceps | C7 |
| Reflex: Finger flexion | C8 |
| Pattelar | L2-L4 |
| Muscle innnervation: Deltoid | C5 - Axillary |
| Muscle innnervation: Supraspinatus | C5 - Suprascapular |
| Muscle innnervation: Biceps | C5 - Musculocutaneous |
| Muscle innnervation: Wrist ext | C6 - Radial |
| Muscle innnervation: Wrist Flexion | C7 - Median, ulnar |
| Muscle innnervation: Triceps | C7 - Radial |
| Muscle innnervation: Finger ext | C7 - Radial |
| Muscle innnervation: finger add+abd | T1 - Ulnar |
| Nerve level: Iliohypogastric | T12-L1 |
| Nerve level: Ilioinguinal | T12-L1 |
| Nerve level: Genitofemoral | L1-L2 |
| Nerve level: Lateral Femoral cutnaeous | L2-L3 |
| Nerve level: Lesser sciatic | S1-S3 |
| Nerve level: Common fib | L4-S2 |
| Nerve level: Tibial | L4-S3 |
| Nerve level: Great Sciatic | L4-S3 |
| Superficial Reflex : Gag | CN 9+10 |
| Superficial Reflex : Corneal Blink | CN 5+7 |
| Superficial Reflex : Epigastric | T5-T9, Intercostal nerves |
| Superficial Reflex : Upper abs | T7-T9, Intercostal nerves |
| Superficial Reflex : Middle abs | T9-T11, Intercostal nerves |
| Superficial Reflex : Lower abs | T11-T12, Intercostal, Ilihypogastric, Iliinguinal |
| Superficial Reflex : Cremasteric | L1-L2, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral |
| Superficial Reflex : Gluteal | L4-S2, inferior gluteal - stroke glue max |
| Superficial Reflex : Plantar | L4-S2, Tibial |
| Superficial Reflex : Anal | S2-S5, inferior hemorrhoidal |
| Positive rossolimo is what? | Tap the ball of the foot and the toes flex... oposite babinski |
| What do you stroke for Oppenheim? | Anterior tibial surface |
| Visceral reflex: Pupillary Light | CN 2, 3 AFFERENT IS ALWAYS THE LOWEST |
| Visceral reflex: Accomodation | CN 3 |
| Visceral reflex: Ciliospinal | Aff = C8-T2 + CN5 Eff = cervical sympathetics |
| Visceral reflex: Oculocardiac | CN 5 + 10 |
| Visceral reflex: Carotid Sinus | CN 9 + 10 |
| Visceral reflex: Bulbocavernosus | S3-S4 |
| Emotional tremor | Low aplitude, gets worse with intentional movement |
| Familiar tremor | Hands and head |
| Senile | Similar to familiar but with aging |
| Parkinsonian | Pill rolling, disapears or dampens with intentional movement: Basal ganglion lesion |
| Intension tremor | Get worse with intensional movement : Cerebellar pathology |
| Postural tremor | Standing still = tremor Mouvement = no tremor |
| Nontremorous hyperkinesias or chorea | Random, quick, jerky |
| Athetosis | Slow, writhing... fingers + extremities |
| Dystonia | Slow, alternating mvts, contraction-relaxation of agonists and antagonists... one mvt dominates for a long time: fixed joints |
| Involuntary tremor = | Basal ganglia |
| voluntary tremor = | Cerebellar lesion |
| Intension tremor + ataxia = | Cerebellar lesion |
| Akathisia | Always shifting posture and movements (parkinsons) |
| Tabetic/Ataxic | Loss of proprioception in extremities... wide base, watch feet which slap on the ground |
| Hemiplegic | Affected leg is rigid and swung in semi-circle |
| Scissors | Knees scrape together... parapelegia |
| Waddling/Clumbsy | Weakness of trunk and pelvic muscles |
| Steppage | Foot drop, L5, early stage = drag toe (2nd MC) |
| Cerebellar/Ataia | Wide base but looks straight ahead |
| Propulsion | AKA festination : parkinson's |
| Hysterical | Complete use of limbs in emergency situations |
| Astasia-Abasia | Can perform all mouvements in bed |
| Limping | MC, short step on affected limb |
| Muscle inervation: Hip flexion | L1-L4, Femoral |
| Muscle inervation: Hip extension | L5-S2, Inferior gluteal |
| Muscle inervation: Hip ABD | L4-S1, superior gluteal |
| Muscle inervation: Hip ADD | L2-L4, Obturator |
| Muscle inervation: Knee flexion | L5, Tibial |
| Muscle inervation: Knee extension | L4, Femoral |
| Muscle inervation: Plantar flexion | S1, Tibial |
| Muscle inervation: Dorsiflexion | L4, L5, Deep peroneal |
| Muscle inervation: Ankle inverstion | L4, Tibial |
| Muscle inervation: Ankle eversion | S1, superficial peroneal |
| Muscle inervation: Toe extension | L5, deep peroneal |
| Muscle inervation: Toe flexion | Si, Tibial |
| Dermatome: nipple line | T4 |
| Dermatome: xiphoid | T7 |
| Dermatome: umbilical | T10 |
| Dermatome: groin | T12 |
| Dermatome: L1 | Lateral, anterior, proximal thigh to groin |
| Dermatome: L2 | Anterior thigh proximal to medial thigh |
| Dermatome: L3 | Lateral proximal thigh-anterior thigh to meidial knee |
| Dermatome: L4 | lateral proximal thigh - anterior thigh to top of knee-anterior tibial - medial foot |
| Dermatome: L5 | lateral proximal thigh - lateral calf - top of foot - lateral heel |
| Dermatome: S1 | Lateral proximal thigh - posterior buttock - posterior calf - lateral foot |
| Dermatome: S2 | Posteiror buttock - posterior medial thigh - posteiorr medial calf - medial heal |
| Anesthesia | Loss of sensation |
| Paraesthesia | Altered sensation... tingling etc |
| Alganesthisia | The loss of sensation of pain |
| Thigmesthesia | Sensibility to touch |
| Topesthesia | The ability to localize tactile stimulation |
| ROM for cervicals | F=50 E=60 LAT F=45 ROT=80 |
| ROM for Thoracics | F=50 E=50 ROT=30 |
| ROM for lumbars | F=60 E=25 LAT F=25 |
| Neuropraxia | Injury to a nerve resulting in paralysis but without degeneration |
| Axonotmesis | Damage to the axon but not the structural framwork of the nerve |
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