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PhotosynthesisPRE-IB
notes from photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis? | 6CO2+6H2O-sun->C6H12O6+6O2 |
| What is Cellular Respiration? | Carbohydrates and other metabolites are broken down to build ATP. |
| Hydrolysis | Adding water to break polymers |
| Reduction | Gain of electrons (e-) |
| What is Aerobic Respiration | When the body uses oxygen |
| Oxidation | loss of electrons (e-) |
| What is Condensation Reaction? | the removal of water to build polymers |
| anaerobic respiration | (FERMENTATION) uses no oxygen |
| High power objective | field of view is smaller but is more detailed |
| stage opening | lets light through |
| stage clip | holds slides in place |
| diaphragm | controls the amount of light |
| eye piece (occular) | (10X) What you look through |
| fine adjustments | brings things into final focus |
| lamp | light source |
| low-power objective | larger field of view and less detailed |
| mirror | reflects light up |
| nose piece | rotates the objectives |
| stage | where you place the slide |
| body tube | the distance between the eye piece and the objectives |
| arm | used to carry the microscope |
| base | supports the microscope |
| coarse adjustment | brings things into focus |
| What are the 2 types of endocytosis? | Pino- and Phagocytosis |
| what are 3 examples of Homeostasis? | Body Temp. Blood Sugar Blood pH |
| What do animals use to balance blood volume/pressure? | Kidneys |
| What are 3 kinds of passive transport? | Diffusion Facilitative Diffusion Osmosis |
| What happens if a cell is placed in... a hypertonic solution a hypotonic solution an isotonic solution | hyper- shrinks hypo- Explodes isotonic- nothing |
| energy | the ability to do work or cause change |
| what are the 2 types of energy | Kinetic Potential |
| Kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| ADP | Adenosine Diphosphate (adenosine, ribose, 2 phosphates) |
| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate (Adenosine, ribose, 3 phosphates) |
| Potential Energy | stored energy |
| What are the 4 classes of macromolecules? | Lipids Proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids |
| Who is Pasteur? | Put an end to Spontaneous Generation |
| Spallanzani | skeptical of spontaneous generation & thought Needham was wrong |
| Name 3 Hexoses and what they're made of. | Sucrose- glucose, fructose Maltose- glucose, glucose Lactose- glucose, galactose |
| Redi | didn't think that maggots came from meat, but eggs. |
| Needham | thought spontaneous generation could occur under the right condition |
| What are 2 types of Fermentation? | Alcohol and Lactic Acid |
| Name 4 kinds of lipids. | Triglyceride wax phospholipid steroids |
| where is starch and glycogen stored? | muscles and liver |
| Facilitated diffusion | the movement of molecules across cell membranes through protein channels |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permiable membrane |
| active transport | low to high |
| passive transport | high to low |
| endocytosis | process by which cells ingest external fluids and particles. |
| Phagocytosis | transport of particles |
| Pinocytosis | transport of fluids |
| homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| diffusion | particles- high to low |
| Isomers | molecules with the same formula but have a different arrangement of atoms |
| monomers | the building blocks of macromolecules |
| polymers | large macromolecules composed of 3 to millions of monomer subunits |
| monosaccharides | simple sugars with a carbon backbone of 3 to 7 carbon atoms (monomer of a carbohydrate) |
| triglycerides | glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids by condensation |
| catabolism | (exergonic)- reactions that break polymers and RELEASE energy |
| anabolism | (endergonic)- USES energy to synthesize polymers |
| metabolism | the sum of all the chemical reactions in the body |
| cholesterol | keeps the phospholipid membrane rigid& flexible (steroid) |
| active site | part of the enzyme that fits the substrate |
| what is the job ofa coenzyme? | repairs damaged enzymes |
| what is the job of an enzyme? | lowers activation energy and speed up metabolism |
| what are the monomers for carbohydrates? | monosaccerides |
| what are the monomers for protein? | amino acids |
| what are the monomers for nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| what are the monomers for triglycerides? | 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol |
| what are the monomers phospholipids? | 2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol |
| enzymes are ________ specific. | Substrate |
| what contains an active site? | enzymes |
| what changes shape in an induced fit? | enzyme |
| what repairs worn out enzymes? | coenzymes |
| what are 2 types of triglycerides? | saturated and unsaturated fats |
| What polysaccharide is stored in an animal's muscle and liver? | glycogen |
| what is the primary source of fuel for all cells? | glucose/c6h12o6/sugar |
| What are the 3 components of ATP? | Adenosine, ribose, phosphate |
| substrates are metabolized by _______. | enzymes |
| to what macromolecule do enzymes belong? | proteins |
| Diffusion continues until ther is no _________. | concentration gradient |
| The functions of a eukaryotic cell are managed by a __________. | a nucleus |
| What is being reduced in cellular respiration? | oxygen |
| What is being oxidized in cellular respiration? | glucose |
| What are 4 metabolic words for synthesizing a strand of hair? | anabolic endergonic condensation dehydration |
| how many NAD+ are reduced in Glycolysis? | 2 |
| where do animal's ATP energy for Catabolic and Anabolic processes? | chemical bonds in our food |
| For every 10 reduced NAD+ how many ATP form? | 28-30 |
| Where does alcohol fermentation occur? | cytosol |
| In vigorous exercise the muscle is depleted of oxygen and forms________. | lactic acid |
| What is the enzyme that allows 32-34 ATP in the ETC? | ATP Synthase |
| Where does the citric acid cycle occur? | mitochondrial matrix |
| how does ATP form in Glycolysis? | substrate level phosphorylation |
| how does ATP form in the kreb's cycle? | substrate level phosphorylation |
| how does ATP form in the electron phase? | chain-oxidative phosphorylation |
| 3 differnces between cellular respiration and photosynthesis. | photosynthesis- plants- sunlight to make food cellular respiration- animals- changes glucose |
| What are the end products of alcohol fermentation? | ethanol and co2 |
| How many co2 are released per turn of the Kreb's Cycle? | 2 |
| what is a biochemical pathway? | when the products of one system are the reactants of the other (cellular respiration and photosynthesis) |
| List 3 examples of cell work. | growth&repairs reproduction active transport across the cell membrane |
Created by:
violaninja
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