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AP BIO Unit 0
Ecology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ecology | The study of living organisms |
| Abiotic | No living factors |
| Biotic | Living factors |
| Organism | is any contiguous living system (such as animal, plant, fungus, or micro-organism) |
| Population | A localized group of individuals of the same species that can interbreed, producing fertile offspring. |
| Community | All the organisms that inhabit a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction. |
| Ecosystem | All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; one or more communities and the physical environment around them. |
| Biosphere | The entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet’s ecosystems. |
| Biomes | Any of the world’s major ecosystems, often classified according to the predominant vegetation and characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular environment. |
| Species | A population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring, but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups. |
| Biogeography | The study of the past and present distribution of species. |
| Climate | The long-term prevailing weather conditions at a locality. |
| Aquatic | WATER |
| Terrestrial | LAND |
| Photic | The narrow top layer of an ocean or lake, where light penetrates sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur. |
| Aphotic | The part of an ocean or lake beneath the photic zone, where light does not penetrate sufficiently for photosynthesis to occur. |
| Benthic | The bottom surface of an aquatic environment. |
| Demography | The study of statistics relating to births and deaths in populations. |
| Semelparity | Reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event; also known as big-bang reproduction. |
| Iteroparity | Reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years; also known as repeated reproduction. |
| Carrying capacity | The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K. |
| Ecological footprint | The aggregate land and water area required by a person, city, or nation to produce all of the resources it consumes and to absorb all of the waste it generates. |
| Logistic population growth | Population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity. |
| K-selection | Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; also called density-dependent selection. |
| r-selection | Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; also called density-independent selection. |
| Interspecific competition | Competition for resources between individuals of two or more species when resources are in short supply. |
| Competition | Contest ;] |
| Predation | An interaction between species in which one species, the predator, eats the other, the prey. |
| Cryptic coloration | Camouflage that makes a potential prey difficult to spot against its background. |
| Aposematic coloration | The bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defenses that acts as a warning to predators. |
| Batesian mimicry | A type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators. |
| Interspecific competition | Competition for resources between individuals of two or more species when resources are in short supply. |
| Parasite – “endo” & “ecto” | An organism that feeds on the cell contents, tissues, or body fluids of another species (the host) while in or on the host organism. Parasites harm but usually do not kill their host. |
| Host | The larger participant in a symbiotic relationship, serving as home and food source for the smaller symbiont. |
| Mutualism | A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit. |
| Commensalism | A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed. |
| Coevolution | "the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object" |
| Dominant species | A species with substantially higher abundance or biomass than other species in a community. Dominant species exert a powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species. |
| Keystone species | A species that is not necessarily abundant in a community yet exerts strong control on community structure by the nature of its ecological role or niche. |
| Ecological succession | Transition in the species composition of a community following a disturbance; the establishment of a community in an area virtually barren of life. |
| Detrivores | A consumer that derives its energy and nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms; a decomposer. |
| Eutrophication | A process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria. |
| Production efficiency | The percentage of energy stored in food that is not used for respiration or eliminated as waste. |
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elizabethgraham
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