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chap.20
protist and fungi
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heterotrophs? | chytrids, water molds, slime molds, protozoans, sporozoans |
| autotrophs? | red algae, brown algae, green algae, golden algae, diatoms |
| how do protists differ from prokaryotes? | they have a nucleus and organelles have proteins associated with DNA. they use microtubulles in a cytoskeleton, spindle apparatus, and cilia and flagella. this may contain chloroplasts and divide by mitosis and meiosis. |
| what are the most ancient groups? | flagellated protozoans, euglenoids, amoeboid protozoan |
| animal-like flagellates? | move by means of flagella and are all heterotrophs |
| what are euglenoids? | free-living flagellated cells that live in freshwater majorit are photoautotrophs |
| amoeboid protozoans? | have false feet(pseudopods) means of motility |
| ciliated protozoans | also called ciliates all heterotrophs arrays of cillia allow movement and direct food into oral cavity |
| nakeed amoebas | change shape constantly, move by means of pseudopods, most are free-living cells that engulf their prey, some are symbionts in animal guts, a few are opportunistic pathogens |
| dinoflagellates? | single-celled alveolates that most often hyave cellulose plates just beneathe the plasma membrane |
| algal blooms | huge increases in populations of aquatic protists, most often dinoflagellates |
| stramenopiles | flagellated stramenopiles are among the most ancient eukaryotic lineages |
| oomycotes? | heterotrophs include water molds, downy midews, and white rusts |
| brown algae? | most live in temperate or cool seas, range from microscopic filaments to plantlike forms 30meters tall |
| red algae | 6000 species most abundant in tropical seas can grow at great depths |
| fungal classification | fungi known fro 900mya 56000 species three major lineages zygomycota, ascomycota basidiomycota |
| fungi are heterotrophs | cannot carry out photosynthesis must aquire organic molecules from the enviroments |