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Lecture 9 Geo
Physical Geo Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| two types of glaciers | Alpine glacier Continental glacier |
| névé | granular snow that has lost its flake shape, |
| Glacier | a large body of flowing ice formed on the land from accumulation and recrystallization of snow |
| Glaciation | Snow accumulates and relatively quickly turns to old granular snow, or névé, that has lost its flake shape, in a few weeks. Further compression and recrystallization creates firn, and it can take decades to create glacial ice. |
| Zone of Accumulation | area where snow gain is greater than snow loss Middle of continental glaciers, higher elevations in alpine glaciers. |
| Zone of Ablation | area where snow loss is greater than snow gain Towards edges of continental glaciers, and downslope end of alpine glaciers. Calving, or breaking off of ice chunks, melting, sublimation, and evaporation take place here |
| Snow line | (Firn line) – line above which Firn develops |
| There is a balance between gain and loss: | Gain > Loss = Glacial enlargement, or advance Gain < Loss = Glacial shrinkage, or retreat or recede. |
| How many alpine glaciers are there? | There are >100,000 individual alpine glaciers, found on all continents. |
| Valley glacier | ice mass within a valley originally formed by stream erosion |
| Cirque glacier | originates in a cirque, or bowl-shaped recess of a mtn. scooped out by a glacier, several of which may join to form a valley glacier. |
| Piedmont glacier | a large ice lobe valley that has spread out from the mouth of a valley at the base of a mountain range, multiple valley glaciers |
| Glacial valley | have a characteristic U shape, also called a glacial trough that is straighter than stream formed valleys |
| Hanging valley | a side or tributary valley evidence of a tributary glacier, at a higher elevation than the main valley |
| Fjord | a glacial valley which intersects with the ocean and has been flooded by seawater |
| Arête | a sharp ridge that divides two cirque basins |
| Col | a pass or saddle-like depression along an arête. |
| Horn | a pyrimidal peak caused by several cirque glaciers gouging a mountain top on all sides Ex. Matterhorn |
| Tarn | a small lake which forms in a cirque basin behind the lip or edge of the cirque. |
| Rock- step lakes | Paternoster lakes – a chain of lakes in a glacial valley where the glacier gouged out a series of basins |
| What types of moraines are associated with alpine glaciers? | Lateral moraine Medial moraine |
| Lateral moraine | moraines along the side edges of a valley glacier |
| Medial moraine | moraine formed in the middle of a valley glacier by the junction of two lateral morains |
Created by:
kcrane
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