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Science Vocab ;D
2010 Mid Term Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Triple Beam Balance | A scale with 3 riders on 3 beams to determine the mass of things. |
| Graduated Cylinder | A cylindrical measuring instrument for measuring fluid volume. |
| Beaker | A wide cylindircal glass vessel with a pouring lip. |
| Density | D=M/V; how tight or loose atoms are. |
| Prediction | Made from observing and then making inferences based on what was found. |
| Mass | The quantity of matter as determined from its weight. |
| Goggles | Glasses equipped with special lenses, protective rims to prevent injury from eyes. |
| Volume | Amount of space measured in cubic units that an object occupies. |
| Observation | Made using 1 or more senses to gather information. |
| Test Tube | Hollow cylinder of thing glass with one end closed. |
| Inference | Made when a reasoned opinion is made based on observations and experience. |
| Atom | Smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still have the same properties. |
| Atomic Mass | Average mass of one atom of an element. |
| Atomic Number | Number of protons in the nucleus of one atom of an element. |
| Nucleus | Center of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons. |
| Proton | Positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Neutron | Particle with a neutral charge which is located in the nucleus. |
| Electron | Negatively charged particle that exists in an electron cloud formation. |
| Valence Electron | An electron of an atom located in the outermost shell (valence shell) |
| Ion | An electrically charged particle by gaining or losing one or more electrons. |
| Element | Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
| Isotope | An electrically charged particle by gaining or losing one or more neutrons. |
| Metal | Elements with a shiny surface; conducting electricity and thermal energy. |
| Nonmetal | Element that is a gas or brittle solid; poor conductor of heat and electricity. |
| Metalloid | Elements that share properties with metals and nonmetals. |
| Group | Columns of metal in which elements have similar properties. |
| Period | A row of elements arranged by atomic number. |
| Element | Substances that are building blocks of matter and are made of only 1 kind of atom. |
| Transition Elements | Elements in groups 3-12, which are all metals. |
| Representative Elements | Groups 1-2 and 13-18 that include metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | Law that says matter can neither be created or destroyed. |
| Element Molecule | Pure substance made up of 1 atom type. |
| Compound Molecule | Pure substance composed of 2 or more elements. |
| Reactants | Substance that exists before a chemical reaction begins. |
| Products | Substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction. |
| Chemical Equation | Way of describing a chemical reaction using chemical forumulas on paper. |
| Chemical Formula | Representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements. |
| Coefficient | A numerical measure for a property that is constant for a system under specified conditions. |
| Subscript | The size and position of text. |
| Synthesis | Forming of a more complex substance. |
| Decomposition | To break down into simpler chemical compounds. |
| Single Replacement | A chemical reaction in which an element replaces one element in a compound. |
| Double Replacement | A chemical reaction in which elements in reactants recombine to form 2 different compounds. |
| Acceleration | Velocity divided by time; change in velocity |
| Balanced Force | Equal forces in opposite direction |
| Direction | Which way you are going |
| Force | Push or pull |
| Newton's 1st Law | An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion until acted upon by a unbalanced force. |
| Newton's 2nd Law | The acceleration of an object depends upon the size of the force and the mass of the object. |
| Newton's 3rd Law | For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction. |
| Speed | S= D/T |
| Unbalanced Force | Unequal forces |
| Velocity | Speed and direction; displacement/time |
| HR Diagram | The graph showing the absolute magnitude plotted against the surface temperature for a group of stars; Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram |
| Main Sequence Star | Any star lying on the diagonal band that extends from hot stars of high luminosity to cool stars of low luminosity; stars on the HR diagram; medium stars (sun) |
| White Dwarf Star | Last stage in the life cycle of a main sequence star in which its core uses up its helium and its outer layer escapes into space, leaving behind a hot, dense core. |
| Red Giant Star | A large, old luminous star; has a relatively low surface temperature and a diameter large relative to the Sun. |
| Elliptical Galaxy | A type of galaxy having the shape of a spheroid or ellipsoid. They are large and bright. |
| Irregular Galaxy | A galaxy with no specific form and a relatively low mass. |
| Spiral Galaxy | A galaxy having a spiral structure, shaped like whirlpools with arms. Has a similar galaxy called barred spirals. |
| Light Year | Distance light travels in one year- about 9.5 trillion km- which is used to record distances between stars and galaxies. |
| Asteroid | A piece of rock made up of material similar to that which formed the planets; mainly found in the asteroid belt. |
| Comet | Space object made up of material similar to that which formed the planets; mainly found in the asteroid belt. |
| Meteor | A meteoroid that burns up in Earth's atmosphere. |
| Meteoroid | Remnants of comets traveling through space. |
| Meteorite | A meteoroid that burns up in Earth's atmosphere. |
| Big Bang Theory | States that about 12-15 billion years ago, the universe began with a huge, fiery explosion. |
| Nebula | A collection of gas and dust in space where stars are born. |
| Radiowaves | Emitted by stars and gas in space. Not for listening to music. |
| Microwaves | Used in space for astronomers to study the structure of our galaxy and other galaxies. |
| Infrared | Our skin emits ___. In space IR maps the dust between stars. |
| Visible | Light you can see. Stars, fireflies, and even lightbulbs emit this. |
| Ultraviolet | These are emitted by the sun and other hot things in space. |
| X-Ray | These are used by your doctors to look at bones and teeth. Hot gases in the universe emit these. |
| Gamma-Ray | Radioactive materials (some natural and some manmade) can emit _. Big particle accelerators that scientists use to help them understand what matter is made of can sometimes generate _. But the biggest generator is the universe. It's made in a lot of ways. |
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