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BHS Reproduction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gamete | organisms reproductive cells |
| binary fission | form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring |
| gene | segment of a DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule |
| chromosome | structure in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein |
| chromatids | two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome |
| centromere | the point where two chromatids of a chromosome are attached at |
| Homologous chromosome | chromosome that are similar in size,shape, and genetic content |
| diploid | when a cell contains two sets of chromosomes |
| Haploid | when a cell contains one set of chromosomes |
| zygote | fertilized egg cell |
| autosome | chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual |
| sex chromosome | contains the genes that will determine the sex of the individual |
| karyotype | a photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that show the chromosomes arranged by size. |
| cell cycle | repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism. |
| interphase | first three stages of the cell cycle |
| mitosis | process where the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei |
| cytokinesis | process during cell division where the cytoplasm divides |
| cancer | uncontrolled growth of cells |
| spindle | cell structure made up of both centrioles and individual microtube fibers that are involved in moving chromosomes during cell division |
| prophase | chromosomes coil up and become visible,nuclear envelope dissolves and spindles form |
| metaphase | chromosomes line up along the equator |
| anaphase | centromeres divide,chromatids move towards opposite poles |
| telophase | nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at each pole,chromosomes,now at opposite poles |
| meiosis | process where materials in cells nucleus is divided and during cell reproduction |
| crossing-over | when a portion of the chromatid on one homologous chromosome are broken and exchanged with the corresponding chromatid portions of the other homologous chromosome |
| independent assortment | the random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
| spermatogenesis | process where sperm is produced in male animals |
| oogenesis | process where gametes are produced in female animals |
| ovum | where a larger cell developes into a gamete |
| asexual reproduction | a single parent passes copies of all of its genes to each of its offsprings |
| clone | organism that is genetically identical to its parent |
| sexual reproduction | two parents each form reproductive cells that have one half the number of chromosomes |
| life cycle | the entire span in the life of the organism from one generation to the next |
| fertilization | the union of a male and female gamete to form a zygote |
| sporophyte | the diploid phase in the life cycle that produces spores |
| spore | haploid reproductive cell produced by meiosis that is capable of developing into an adult without fusing with another cell |
| gametophyte | haploid phase that produces gametes by meiosis. |
Created by:
BHSbiology
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