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Astronomy Unit
Chapters 23-25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| terrestrial planet | any of the Earth-like planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth |
| Jovian | The Jupiter-like planets: jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune - have low densities and a huge gas giants |
| nebula | a cloud of dust and gas in space |
| planetesimal | small, irregularly shaped body formed by colliding matter |
| dwarf planet | a round object that orbits the sun but has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit. |
| asteroid | a small, rocky body, which can range in size from a few hundred kilometers to less than a kilometer; the asteroids' orbits lie mainl between those of Mars and Jupiter |
| comet | a small body made of rocky and metallic pieces held together by frozen gases; comets generally revolve around the sun in an elongated orbit. |
| coma | the fuzzy, gaseous component of a comet's head. |
| meteoroid | a small, solid particle that travels though space |
| meteor | the luminous phenomenon observed when a meteoroid enters Earth's atmophere and burns up, popularly called a shooting star |
| meteorite | any portion of a meteoroid that reaches Earth's surface |
| electromagnet Spectrum | the arrangement of electromagnetic radiation according to wavelength... Blue shift = short wavelengths ,,, Red shift = long wavelengths |
| spectroscopy | the study of the properties of light that depend on wavelength |
| Doppler effect | the apparent change in frequency of electromagnetic or sound waves caused by the relative motions of the source and the observer |
| refracting telescope | a telescope that uses a lens to bend and concentrate the light from distant obkects |
| reflecting telescope | a telescope that concentrates light from distant objects by using a concave mirror |
| radio telescope | a telescope designed to make observations in radio wavelengths. |
| photosphere | the region of the sun that radiates energg to space; visible surface of the sun. |
| chromosphere | the first layer of the solar atmosphere found directly above the photosphere |
| corona | the outer weak layer of the solar atmosphere |
| solar wind | streams of protons and electrons ejected at high speed from the solar corona |
| sunspot | a dark spot on the sun, which is cool by contrast to the surrounding photosphere |
| prominence | a concentration of gases above the solar surface that appears as a bright archlike structure. |
| solar flare | a sudden and tremendous eruption in the solar chromosphere. |
| aurora | a bright display of ever-changing light caused by solar radiation interacting with the upper atmosphere in the region of the poles. |
| nuclear fusion | the way in which the sun produces energy; occurs when less massive nuclei combine into more massive nuclei and release energy |
| constellation | an apparent group of stars originally named for mythical characters |
| binary star | one of two stars revolving around a common center of mass under their mutual gravitational attraction. |
| parallax | is the slight shifting in the apparent position of a nearby star due to the orbital motion of Earth. The nearest stars have the largest parallax angles, while those of distant stars are too small to measure. |
| light-year | he distance light travels in a year about 9.5 trillion kilometers |
| apparent magnitude | the brightness of a star when viewed from Earth |
| absolute magnitude | the apparent brightness of a star if it were viewed from a distance of 32.6 light-years; used to compare the true brightnes of stars |
| main-sequence star | a star that falls into the main sequence category on the H-R diagram; this category contains the majority of starts and runs diagonally from the upper left to lower right on the H-R diagram. |
| red giant | a large, cool star of high lumionsity; a star occupying the upper-right porting of the H-R diagram |
| super giant | a very large, very bright red giant star |
| nova | a star that explosively increases in brightness |
| nebulae | cloud of dust and gas in space |
| Cepheid variable | a star whose brightness varies periodically because it expands and contracts; a type of pulsating star |
| protostar | a collapsing cloud of gas and dust destine to become a star. A developing star not yet hot enough to engage in nuclear fusion |
| supernova | an exploding star that increases in brightness many thousands of times |
| white dwarf | a star that has exhausted most or all of its muclear fuel and has collapsed to a very small size, believed to be near its final stage of evolution |
| neutron star | a star of extremely high density composed entirely of neutrons |
| pulsar | a variable radio source of small size emits radio pulses in very regular periods |
| black hole | a massive star that has collapsed to such a small volume that its gravity prevents the escape of everything, including light. |
| galaxy | a group of stars, dust and gases held together by gravity |
| cluster | galaxy clusters |
| Hubble's law | a law that states that the galaxies are retreating from the Milky Way at a speed that is proportional to their distance |
| Big Bang Theory | the theory that proposes that the universe originated as a single mass, which subsequently exploded. |
Created by:
melaniebird
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