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Neurological Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Afferent Nerve | nerve that carries impulses toward the CNS |
| Clonus | involuntary movement of rapidly alternating contraction and relaxation of a muscle |
| Coma | condition where a patient does not respond to either continuous or painful stimulation. He does not move except for reflex actions, and he does not verbalize |
| Consensual Constriction | constriction of the pupil of the eye when a light is directly shone in the other eye |
| Decerebrate Posturing | extensor posturing where a patient has clenched teeth, rigidly extended and hyperpronated arms, stiffly extended legs, and plantar extended feet |
| Dermatome, sensory | localized area of skin that is innervated by a segment of the spinal cord |
| Dilated Pupil | pupil greater than 4 millimeters in diameter |
| Dorsal Column Nerves | detect proprioception, vibratory sensation, and light touch |
| Efferent Nerve | nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS |
| Fasciculation | involuntary contractions or twitching of groups of muscle fibers |
| Graphesthesia | the sense by which letters or numbers are recognized when written on the skin with a dull-pointed object |
| Lethargy | drowsy state in which a patient can awaken, although not completely, to stimulation. He may also follow commands; however, his responses may be slow and inattentive |
| Lower Motor Neurons | nerve fibers which originate in the spinal cord and travel out of the central nervous system to muscles in the body |
| Obtundation | condition where a patient is difficult to arouse and needs constant stimulation to follow commands. He may verbally respond to stimuli with a few words, but will drift back to sleep when the stimulus is removed |
| PERRLA | acronym for pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation |
| Proprioception | perception of position, location, orientation, and movement of the body |
| Reflex Arc | route followed by nerve impulses to produce a reflex act, from the periphery through the afferent nerve to the nervous system, and back through the efferent nerve to an organ that produces an effect such as contraction or secretion |
| Reinforcement | distraction technique (such as having a patient clench his teeth or hook his fingers together and then try to pull them apart) to elicit reflex activity in the upper or lower extremities |
| Spinothalamic Nerves | detect crude touch, pain and temperature. |
| Stereognosis | ability to recognize an object placed in the hands without looking at it |
| Stupor | state where a patient arouses to vigorous and continuous stimulation, which is typically painful in nature. He may moan briefly, but does not follow commands. His only response may be withdrawal from the painful stimulus |
| Subluxation | incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint |
| Upper Motor Neurons | nerve fibers that start in the motor cortex of the brain and terminate within the medulla or spinal cord |
Created by:
Heather.Nicole
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