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Circulation-Kaplan
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| delivers oxygen, nutrients, homones, and antibodies to organs, tissues and cells; removes end products of metabolism from tissue and cells | functions of the circulation system |
| heart pumps oxygenated blood into ______ system to supply capillaries and tissues | arterial |
| heart pumps oxygen-poor blood from the _____ system through the lungs to be reoxygenated | venous |
| function is to carry blood to and from the body's tissues and cells | Blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins) |
| the heart is a cone-shaped, hollow, muscular organ located in the ____________ which is the space between lungs in the thoracic cavity | mediastinum |
| the _______ of the heart is directed toward the body's right side | base |
| ______ is directed toward the left, resting on the diaphragm | apex |
| ______ side of heart recieves deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the lungs | right |
| _____ side of heart recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumpts it through the aorta to the body | left |
| loose-fitting membrane or fibroserous covering of the heart | pericardium |
| outer layer of the heart | epicardium |
| middle layer of the heart; composed of striated muscle fibers | myocardium |
| innermost layer of the heart; continuous with the blood vessels, lining the hearts cavities and valves | endocardium |
| two upper "recieving" chambers in the heart | atria |
| two lower "distributing" chambers in the heart | ventricles |
| recieves deoxygenated blood from body via superior and inferior venae cavae and pumps into the right ventricle | right atrium |
| recieves oxygenated blood from lungs and pumps into the left ventricle | left atrium |
| separates the atria | interatrial septum |
| recieves blood from right atrium and pumps out to lung via pulmonary arteryh | right ventricle |
| recieves oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps out blood to body | left ventricle |
| largest, most muscular chamber in the heart | left ventricle |
| seperates the ventricles | ventricular septum |
| provide for one-way flow of blood | cardiac valves |
| atrioventricular valves | tricuspid and mitral |
| guards opening between right atrium and ventricle (prevents backflow) | tricuspid valve |
| guards opening between left atrium and ventricle (prevents backflow) | mitral valve |
| prevents backflow into ventricles | semilunar valves |
| valve between pulmonary artery and right ventricle | pulmonary semilunar valve |
| valve between aorta and left ventricle | aortic semilunar valve |
| disease of these arteries is the leading cause of death in the US | coronary arteries |
| supply the left ventricle, septum, and apex | left coronary arteries |
| supply the right ventricl and the SA node | right coronary arteries |
| site of impulse initiation; located at junction of SVC and RA; regulates heart rate, rhythm, and regularity | Sinoatrial node (SA node)or pacemaker |
| located at the base of the right atrium; recieves impulses from SA node and delays them slightly; generates impulses when SA node fails (at a rate of approx. 40-60 bpm) | Atrioventricular node (AV node or AV junction) |
| composed of special cardiact muscle fibers that originate in the AV node, then break into left and right bundle branches that extend down the interventricular septum, where they are continuous with purkinge fibers | Bundle of His |
| contraction of (ejection of blood from) both atria and then both ventricles | systole |
| relaxation and filling of both atria and then both ventricles | diastole |
| amount of blood ejected with each beat | stroke volume |
| number of beats per minute | heart rate |
| stroke volume X heart rate | cardiac output |
| cardiac output depends on: (3) | preload, afterload, contractility |
| ability of the heart to adjust to increased demands from stresses such as exercise, excitement, fever, cold, acceleration, deacceleration, or disease states | cardiac reserve |
| originate in the aorta or its branches; transport blood to the systemic circulation | arteries |
| assists the flow of blood to the arteries or acts as a reservoir for blood during ejection of the ventricles | aorta |
| originates in the right ventricle and transports deoxygenated blood from the circulation to the lungs to be oxygenated (only artery that carries deoxygenated blood) | pulmonary artery |
| carry deoxygenated blood and body waste from the systemic circulation to the right atrium by way of the IVC and SVC | veins |
| largest veins in the body; bring deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body to the right atrium | Superior and Inferior Vena Cava |
| return ocygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium (only vein carrying oxygenated blood) | pulmonary veins |
| capillaries that are the smallest arteries | arterioles |
| capillaries that are the smallest veins | venules |
| veins have ______ to ensure unidirectional blood flow | valves |
| regulates heart rate, influences arterioular constriction and blood pressure | autonomic nervous system |
| neural reflexes are controlled via vasomotor center in the _______ _______ | medulla oblongata |
| pressure exerted by the blood against walls of vessels | blood pressure |
| max pressure of blood against arterial wall when contracting | systolic blood pressure |
| lowest pressure of blood exerted against arterial wall when heart is at rest | diastolic blood pressure |
| difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure | pulse pressure |
| ABC's of CPR when pt in cardiopulmonary arrest | Airway, Breathing, Circulation |
| rhythmic disturbances | dysrhythmias |
| failure of cardiac muscle to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's metabolic needs | heart failure |
| formation of localized necrotic areas within the myocardium, usually following the sudden occlusion of a coronary artery and the abrupt cessation of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle | myocardial infarction |
| oxygen supply to heart is not sufficient, usually due to atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries | angina pectoris |
| elevation of blood pressure (BP >140/90) | hypertension |
| regulates plasma volume; regulates osmotic pressure | albumin |
| produced in bone marrow | hemopoiesis |
| transport of oxygen by hemoglobin | erythrocytes (RBC) |
| protection from infection | Leukocytes (WBC) |
| involved with coagulation | Thrombocytes (platelets) |
Created by:
nickijohnson07
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