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Midterm 2 BioScience
From quiz 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| enzyme anatomy | they have a specific 3d shape and fit with only one kind of substrate |
| enzyme anatomy | they are proteins by structure, catalyze reactions going two ways, they do not participate in reactions they catalyze |
| A coenzyme is a vitamin | they can be recycled and reused |
| a cofactor | found on the periodic table |
| what is the optimal temp for a human being | 37 degrees C |
| What is the effect of temp on enzyme activity | when temp down, activity down when temp up, reaction speeds up if temp too high- stop activity |
| Denaturation is | permanant change in the 3-d structure of a protein results in the protein loosing its biological functions can happen if the temp too high, pressure, shaking |
| Ph | means potential hydrogen |
| Ph Scale | goes from 0 to 14 0 is acid 14 is base/alkaline |
| Hydrogen in the Ph scale | closer to 0 means higher the hydrogen |
| what is competitive inhibition | the inhibitor that temporarily occupies the binding site |
| what is non-competitive inhibition | the inhibitor that changes the 3-d shape of the enzyme |
| what is feedback inhibition | the inhibitor is the product of the enzymatic reaction, a natural process that prevents excessive production of molecules |
| What is the ph of human blood | 7.35 slightly alkaline |
| how is DNA organized in the cell nucleous | the DNA library is broken down into sections called chromosomes DNA strands are wrapped around histone proteins DNA strands are double-helixes |
| Telomeres | can get fully replicated in the presence of an enzyme telomorase |
| What is not true about telomeres | they are junk code and therefore not important |
| telomeres | are part of the chromosome that do not contain genetic code and do not get replicated 100% with each chromosomal replication |
| Aptosis | is the programed death of differentiated cells |
| Non differentiated cells | cancer cells and stem cells |
| G1 phase | the cell differntiates and matures |
| G2 phase | cell grows more organelles |
| M phase | mitosis cell divides into two daughter cells |
| S phase | Cells replicates its entire DNA library |
| Interphase | cell performs its normal functions; includes G1, S, G2 |
| Centrioles replicate and create opposite poles | prophase |
| centromeres of chromosomes replicate | anaphase |
| spindle fibers form | prophase |
| chromosomes align on the equatorial plane | metaphase |
| nucleus disappears | prophase |
| nuclear membrane re-appears | telophase |
| spindle fibers disappear | telophase |
| why do cells need to replicate their DNA | need a complete set of genes for daughter cells |
| What types of cells do not perform aptosis | stem cells and cancer cells |
| what does the telomeres do in a chromosome | protects the genetic code |
| what is telomerase | enzyme that can replicate 100% of telemeres |
| what is the significance of p53 in the cell cycle | induces aptosis |
| what are the three reasons that cells divide | to get bigger to replace damaged cells to replace worn out cells |
| Attaches to binding site | the substrate |
| place where the reaction happens | active site |
| place where the reactants attach | binding site |
| catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction | enzyme |
| All mature cells in the body are differntiated | specialized for certain functions some genes are active other are silent |
| undifferentiated cells | do not have a specific function |
| stem cells | have a potential to differntiate and become any specific cell |
| cancer cells | can not differentiate and multiply forever |
| Ph of human body | Not neutral 7.35-7.45 slightly alkaline |
| If blood ph is lower than 7.35 | Acidosis |
| if blood ph is higher than 7.45 | Alkalosis |
| Ph of enzymes | Each works best at an optimal ph, many prefer neutral |
| Names of enzymes | All end in ASE named after the reaction they catalyze |
| Cytokenisis | cytoplasmic membrane begins pinching in the middle 2 daughter cells enter G1 start differntiation |
| Sexual Reproduction | is a good way of exchanging genetic code to ensure survival of the species |
| Haploid cells | are produced in gonads they can mature into sex cells produced by meiosis have one set of chromosomes |
| Gameotegenesis includes | meiosis differntiation maturation |
| A zygote | is a fertilized egg formed by the union of two gametes, this is a diploid cell that will result in a complete organism |
| AP | Angina Pectoralis chest pain |
Created by:
beesgrl
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