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Science 3

Chapter 11

QuestionAnswer
DNA Relpication process by which chromosomal DNA is copied before mitosis or meiosis
double helix the shape of a DNA molecule, forms when 2 twisted strands of DNA strands are coiled into a springlike structure and held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases
nitrogen base carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen: includes adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil
codon a set of three nitrogen bases that represents an amino acid; the order of the bases in mRNA determines the type and order of amino acids in a protein
messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA that transports information from DNA in the nucleus to the cell's cytoplasm
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) RNA that makes up the ribosomes; clamps onto mRNA and uses its information to assimble amino acids in the correct order
transcription process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand
transfer RNA (tRNA) RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes to be assembled into proteins
translation process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein
chromosomal mutation mutation that occurs at the chromosomal level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosos; caused when parts of chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly
frameshift mutation mutation that occurs when a single base is added or deleted from DNA; causes a shift in the reading of codons by one base
mutagen any agent that can cause a change in DNA; includes high-energy radiation, chemicals, or high temperatures
mutation any change or random error in a DNA sequence
point mutation mutation in a DNA sequence; occurs from a change in a single base pair
Created by: TimZeller
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