Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
microbio69
microbiology final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tetrads | those cocci that divide in two planes and remain in groups of four |
| bacterial cell wall | may contribute to the ability of some species to cause disease; may be the site of action of some antibiotics; composed of a macromolecular network known as "peptidoglycan" |
| gram-positive bacterial cell wall | many layers of peptidoglycan; contains teichoic acids; has great mechanical strenghth; susceptible to attack by penicillin |
| the three types of bacteria shapes | cocci; bacilli; spiral |
| spheroplast | partially wall-less gram-negative cell |
| bacterial colony | visible group of bacterial growing on a culture medium |
| spirochetes | helical-flexible when in motion (spirochete-singular) |
| cytoplasm | refers to the substance of the cell inside the plasma membrane |
| when endospores are formed... | the survival of the spore-forming bacterium is threatened, the bacterial cell may form the endospore |
| types of passive processes | simple diffusion; facilitated diffusion; osmosis |
| amphitrichous | having a flagellum or flagella at both ends |
| 4 arrangements of flagella | monotrichous; amphitrichous; lophotrichous; peritrichous |
| lophotrichous | tufts or bunches of flagella at one end |
| gram-negative bacterial cell wall | one or very few layers of peptidoglycan; no teichoic acids; more susceptible to mechanical breakage; outer membrane: LPS, lipoproteins, and phospholipids..evades phagocytosis...resistance to penicillin...lipid A of the LPS is referred to as endotoxin |
| important elements needed by the cell for synthesis for cellular material | nitrogen, sulfur, phosporus |
| diplococci | cocci that remain in pairs after dividing |
| example of a fimbriae | Neisseria gonorrhoeae: the causative agent of gonorrhea |
| streptococci | those bacteria that remain attached in chainlike patterns after dividing |
| sarcinae | those spherical bacteria that divide in three planes and remain attached in cube-like groups of eight |
| spirilla | helical- rigid when in motion |
| vibrios | comma shaped |
| peritrichous | flagella covering the entire surface |
| bacterial cell wall function | prevents the bacterial cell from rupturing when the water pressure inside the cell is greater than outside the cell; helps maintain shape of cell; serves as a point of anchorage for flagella |
| germination | going from spore state to vegetative state |
| pure colony | one species |
| facultative aerobe | adapted to survival in the presence of oxygen, but prefer the opposite |
| facultative anaerobe | adapted to survival in absense of oxygen but prefer to live with it |
| phototaxis | the stimulus is light |
| chemotaxis | the stimulus includes chemicals |
| facilitated diffusion | uses the aid of a transporter or carrier protein |
| mesophiles | bacteria that prefer moderate temps and develop best at temps between 25-40 degrees C |
| thermophiles | bacteria that thrive best at high temps, between 40-70 degrees C |
| minimum growth temp | temp below which bacterial growth will not take place |
| axial filaments | (endoflagella) unique type of flagella produced by spirochetes |
| maximum growth temp | temp above which bacterial growth will not take place |
| nuclear area | the region we find the genetic material of the bacterial cell |
| streptobacilli | bacilli that divide across their short access and remains in chains |
| osmosis | the net movement of solvent molecules (water) across a selectively permeable membrane from an area with a high concentration of solvent molecules (water) to an area of low concentration of solvent molecules (water) |
| spore formation | not means of replication, it is a protective or defensive mechanism of bacterial cells capable of the production of endospores |
| coccobacilli | rod-shaped bacteria that are oval and look so much like cocci |
| obligate (stict) anaerobes | microbes that can only survive in an environment devoid of oxygen |
| psychrophiles | bacteria that prefer cold, thriving at temps between 0-25 degrees C |
| cocci | spherical |
| bacilli | rod-shaped |
| 3 types of spiral | vibrios; spirilla; spirochetes |
| ribosomes | site of protein sythesis for the cell |
| inclusions (inclusion bodies) | function as the reserve deposits for the cell |
| optimum growth temp | temp at which organisms grow best |
| lysozyme | a digestive enzyme that can cause damage to the bacterial cell wall |
| protoplast | wall-less gram-positive cell |
| mixed colony | more than one species |
| besides water, what is another important requirement for growth | carbon- structural backbone of living matter |
| osmotic pressure | pressured required to prevent the net flow of water across a semi-permeable membrane |
| staphylococci | cocci that divide in multipule planes and form grapelike clusters |
| diplobacilli | rod-shaped bacteria that divide across their short axis and remain in pairs after cell division |
| microaerophile | when the low-oxygen, high carbon dioxide conditions resemble those found in the intestinal tract; require little free oxygen |
| bacterial cell calculation | Bf=Bi*2n |
| monomorphic | do not change shape |
| monotrichous | having a single flagellum |
| pleomorphic | bacterial cell that changes shape |
| how does the gycocalyx enhance the virulence? | resisting phagocytosis |
| flagella | bacterial structure that function for movement and provide mobility for the cell |
| simple diffusion | moves substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water |
| glycocalyx | capsule; slime layer many prokaryotes secrete a sticky gelatinous coating that surrounds the cell wall |
| capsule | the glycocalyx is known as a capsule only when it is organized and firmly attached externally to the cell wall |
| heterotrophic | require complex organic food from a carbon source to grow and develop |
| passive process | substances cross the membrane from an area of low concentration without any expenditure of energy |
| most bacteria grow best in what narrow pH range near neutrality? | ~6.5-7.5 |
| obligate (strict) aerobe | microorganisms that can only live in the presence of oxygen |
| autotrophic | self-nourishing bacteria capable of growing in the absense of organic compounds |
| plasma membrane | thin structure lying internal to the cell wall and enclosing the cytoplasm of the cell |
| semi-permeable or selectively permeable membrane | control the movement of substances into and out of the cell: aids in the breakdown of nutrients, aids in the production of energy |
| group translocation | substance being transported is altered chemically during transport across the membrane |
| important trace elements essential for functions of certain enzymes | iron, copper, molybdenum, and zinc |
| binary fission | method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which cell splits into two parts |
| active process | the cell must use energy to move substances across the membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration |
| types of active processes | active transport; group tanslocation |
| active transport | the substance is not altered by transport across the membrane |
| sporulation or sporogenesis | the process of spore formation; going from vegetative state to spore state |
| capriophile | microorganisms that grows best at relativity high carbon dioxide concentrations |
| what is essential for the growth of organisms? | water |
| generation time | time required for a cell to divide |
| endospores | form specialized "resting" cells when essential nutrients are depleted certain gram-positive bacteria, such as those of the genera bacillus and clostriduim |
| example of an axial filament | treponema pallidum- causatie agent of syphillis |
| fimbriae | (pili) bacterial cells that are covered with short hairlike or bristle-like appendages and allow bacteria to attach to surfaces |
Created by:
kaylagren
Popular Science sets