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Med Term Test 4. SFC
Musculoskeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| periosteum | outermost layer of bone |
| compact bone | dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum |
| cancellous bone | contains little spaces or cavities like a sponge; w/i layers of compact bone |
| endosteum | membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone |
| diaphysis | shaft of the long bones |
| epiphysis | end of each long bone |
| bone marrow | material found in cavities of bones |
| red bone marrow | thick, blood-like material found in flat bones & ends of long bones; location of RBC formation |
| yellow marrow | soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones |
| lamina | part of the vertebral arch |
| pelvic bone | 3 bones fused together: ischium: lower portion on which one sits ilium: upper, wing-shaped part on each side pubis: anterior portion |
| acetabulum | large socket in pelvic bone for head of the femur |
| acromion process | part of scapula |
| olecranon process | forms elbow |
| articular cartilage | smooth layer of gristle covering contacting surface of joints |
| meniscus | crescent-shaped cartilage found in the knee |
| synovia | fluid secreted by the synovial membrane & found in joint cavities |
| bursa | fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another |
| ligament | flexible, tough band of fibrous CT that attaches one bone to another at a joint |
| tendon | band of fibrous CT that attaches muscle to bone |
| aponeurosis | strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone |
| abduction | movement of drawing away from the middle |
| adduction | movement of drawing toward the middle |
| inversion | turning inward |
| eversion | turning outward |
| extension | movement in which limb is in straight position |
| flexion | movement in which limb is bent |
| pronation | movement that turns the palm down |
| supination | movement that turns the palm up |
| rotation | turning around its own axis |
| rachi/o | spine, vertebral column |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| ankyl/o | crooked, stiff, bent |
| kinesi/o | movement, motion |
| kyph/o | hump |
| lord/o | bent forward |
| lamin/o | lamina (thin, flat plate or layer) |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| petr/o | stone |
| scoli/o | crooked, curved |
| myos/o | muscle |
| sym-, syn- | together, joined |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| -clasis, -clasia, -clast | break |
| -desis | surgical fixation, fusion |
| -physis | growth |
| -schisis | split, fissure |
| ankylosing spondylitis | form of arthritis that first affects the spine & adjacent structures & that progressively causes a forward bend of the spine |
| bunion | abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; caused by poorly fitted shoes or hereditary |
| carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) | common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve; symptoms: pain & paresthesia in portions of the hands & fingers |
| Colles fracture | a type of wrist fracture; fx at lower end of the radius, distal fragment displaced backward |
| exostosis | abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone; a.k.a. spur |
| fracture (fx) | broken bone |
| gout | dz in which an excessive amt of uric acid in the blood causes Na urate crystals to be deposited in the joints, esp that of the great toe, producing arthritis |
| herniated disk | rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows contents to protrude thru it, putting pressure on the spinal nerve roots |
| Lyme dz | infection caused by a bacteria: Borrelia burgdorferi, carried by deer ticks & transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick; symptoms caused by body's immune response: rash at site of bite, fever, headache, joint pain, fatigue; Tx: antibiotics |
| muscular dystrophy (MD) | group of hereditary dzs w/ muscle degeneration & weakness |
| myasthenia gravis (MG) | chronic dz of muscle weakness, thought to be caused by defect in transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell; face, larynx, and throat frequently affected, but no true paralysis of muscles exists |
| osteoporosis | abnormal loss of bone density occurring predominantly in postmenopausal women, can lead to an increase in the fractures of the ribs, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | chronic systemic dz w/ autoimmune inflammatory changes in the CT thru/o the body |
| spinal stenosis | narrowing of the spinal canal w/ compression of nerve roots; congenital or due to spinal degeneration; symptoms: pain radiating to the thigh or lower legs & numbness or tingling in the lower extremeties |
| spondylolisthesis | forward slipping of one vertebra over another |
| chiropodist, podiatrist | specialist in Tx and Dx dz and disorders of the foot; both medical & surgical Tx |
| chiropractic | system of therapy that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column |
| chiropractor | specialist in chiropractic |
| crepitus | crackling sound heard when 2 bones rub against each other or grating caused by the rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint |
| orthopedics | branch of medicine dealing w/ the study & Tx of dz & abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system |
| orthopedist | physician who specializes in branch of medicine dealing w/ the study & Tx of dz & abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system |
| orthotics | making & fitting of orthopedic appliances, such as arch supports, used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities |
| orthotist | a person who specializes in making orthopedic appliances |
| osteopath | physician who specializes in the branch of medicine that uses usual forms of Dx & Tx but places greater emphasis on the role of relation b/w body organs & the musculoskel system |
| osteopathy | branch of medicine that uses usual forms of Dx & Tx but places greater emphasis on the role of the relation b/w body organs & the musculoskel system; may include manipulation in Tx |
| prosthesis | an artificial substitute for a missing body part such as a leg, eye, or total hip replacement |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome (abbr) |
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus (abbr) |
| OA | osteoarthritis (abbr) |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty (abbr) |
| ortho | orthopedics (abbr) |
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2049796
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