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Chp 18 Moisture...
Moisture, Clouds and Precipitation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| precipitation | any form of water that falls from a cloud. |
| latent heat | the energy absorbed or released during a change in state. |
| evaporation | the process of converting a liquid to a gas. |
| condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid. |
| sublimation | the conversion of a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state |
| deposition | the process by which water vapor is changed directly to a solid without passing through the liquid state. |
| humidity | a general term referring to water vapor in the air but not to liquid droplets of fog, cloud, or rain |
| saturated | the state of air that contains the maximum quantity of water vapor that is can hold at any given temperature and pressure. |
| relative humidity | the ratio of the air's water-vapor content to its water-vapor capacity...cooler air holds let water vapor, warmer air more |
| dew point | the temperature to which air has to be cooled in order to reach saturation |
| hygrometer | an instrument designed to measure relative humidity. |
| orographic lifting | mountains acting as barriers to the flow of air, forcing the air to ascend; the air cools and clouds and precipitation may result. |
| front | the boundary between two adjoining air masses having contrasting characteristics |
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of individual atoms or molecules in a substance. |
| temperature inversion | a layer of limited depth in the atmosphere of limited depth where the temperature increases rather than decreases with height. |
| condensation nuclei | tiny bits of particulate matter that serve as surfaces on which water vapor condenses - ash, dust, sulfur...etc. |
| cirrus | one of the three basic cloud forms: also one of the three high cloud types; they are thin, delicate ice-crystal clouds often appearing as veil-like patches or thin, wispy fibers. |
| cumulus | one of the three basic cloud types; also the name given to one of the clouds of vertical development; they are billowy individual cloud masses that often have flat bases. |
| stratus | one of three basic cloud forms; they are sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky. |
| Bergeron process | a theory that relates the formation of precipitation to supercooled clouds, freezing nuclei and the different saturation levels of ice and liquid water. |
| supercooled water | the condition of water droplets that remain in the liquid state at temperatures well below 0 degrees C. |
| supersaturated air | the condition of air that is more highly concentrated than is normally possible under given temperature and pressure conditions; when describing humidity, it refers to a relative humidity that is greater than 100% |