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Chp 18 Moisture...

Moisture, Clouds and Precipitation

QuestionAnswer
precipitation any form of water that falls from a cloud.
latent heat the energy absorbed or released during a change in state.
evaporation the process of converting a liquid to a gas.
condensation the change of state from a gas to a liquid.
sublimation the conversion of a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state
deposition the process by which water vapor is changed directly to a solid without passing through the liquid state.
humidity a general term referring to water vapor in the air but not to liquid droplets of fog, cloud, or rain
saturated the state of air that contains the maximum quantity of water vapor that is can hold at any given temperature and pressure.
relative humidity the ratio of the air's water-vapor content to its water-vapor capacity...cooler air holds let water vapor, warmer air more
dew point the temperature to which air has to be cooled in order to reach saturation
hygrometer an instrument designed to measure relative humidity.
orographic lifting mountains acting as barriers to the flow of air, forcing the air to ascend; the air cools and clouds and precipitation may result.
front the boundary between two adjoining air masses having contrasting characteristics
temperature a measure of the average kinetic energy of individual atoms or molecules in a substance.
temperature inversion a layer of limited depth in the atmosphere of limited depth where the temperature increases rather than decreases with height.
condensation nuclei tiny bits of particulate matter that serve as surfaces on which water vapor condenses - ash, dust, sulfur...etc.
cirrus one of the three basic cloud forms: also one of the three high cloud types; they are thin, delicate ice-crystal clouds often appearing as veil-like patches or thin, wispy fibers.
cumulus one of the three basic cloud types; also the name given to one of the clouds of vertical development; they are billowy individual cloud masses that often have flat bases.
stratus one of three basic cloud forms; they are sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky.
Bergeron process a theory that relates the formation of precipitation to supercooled clouds, freezing nuclei and the different saturation levels of ice and liquid water.
supercooled water the condition of water droplets that remain in the liquid state at temperatures well below 0 degrees C.
supersaturated air the condition of air that is more highly concentrated than is normally possible under given temperature and pressure conditions; when describing humidity, it refers to a relative humidity that is greater than 100%
Created by: melaniebird
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