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Quakes and Volcanoes

Earthquake terms and Definitions.

QuestionAnswer
Epicenter point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus.
Fault fracture that occurs when rocks break and that results in relative movement of opposing sides;can form as a result of compression being pulled apart or shear.
Focus point deep inside the Earth where energy is released causing an earthquake.
Lava molten rock flowing onto the Earth's surface.
Lithosphere rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick, made of the crust and apart of the upper mantle.
Magnitude a measure of the energy released by an earthquake.
Rifts long crack,fissure, or trough that forms between tectonic plates moving apart at plate boundaries.
Seismic Safe describes the ability of structures to stand up against the vibrations caused by an earthquake.
Seismic Waves waves of energy that elastically distort the material that they travel through.
Surface Waves the vibrations set off by a sudden movement along a fault in Earth's crust are transferred to the waters surface and spread across the ocean in a series of long waves.
Seismograph instrument used to record seismic waves.
Tsunami powerful seismic sea wave that begins over an ocean-floor earthquake. It can reach 30m in height when approaching land,and can cause destruction in coastal areas
Volcanoes cone-shaped hill or mountain formed when hot magma,solids,and gas erupt onto Earth's surface through a vent
Pyroclastic Flow a mixture of hot gases and ash
Richter scale based on measurements of amplitude,or heights of seismic waves are recorded on a seismograph
Composite Volcano steep-sided volcano formed from alternating layers of violent eruptions of tephra and quieter eruptions of lava.This volcano is also known as Stratovolcano.
Cinder Cone Volcano relatively small volcano formed by moderate to explosive eruptions of tephra.
Shield Volcano large,broad volcano with gently sloping sides that is formed by the buildup of basaltic layers.
Earthquake shaking and vibratig of the land surface.
Hypocenter the region of initation of seismic energy within the earth during an earthquake.
Rayleigh Waves as they move along the surface of the Earth for a wave that is much like an ocean wave.
Love waves they display Earth material at the surface in a horizontal snake-like motion.
Created by: Farida 704
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