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the endocrine system
ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the two systems that coordinate body functions and maintain homeostasis | the nervous sytem and the endocrine system |
| the nervous system provides _______ coordination and the endocrine system provides _____ but _________ coordination | instantaneous, slower, longer-lasting |
| what does the endocrine system consist of | endocrine glands and tissue(that secrete hormones into the blood) |
| _____ are transported by ____ to other ____ and organs | hormones, blood, tissue |
| cells that have specific receptors for a hormone are | target cells |
| hormones only affect ______ | target cells |
| where are receptors of target cells located | in the plasma membrane or inside the cell |
| how do hormones affect target cells | by altering their metabolic activities |
| what type of hormone enters the target cells by passing thru the plasma membrane and entering the nucleus | steroid hormone |
| what type of hormone binds to receptors on the external surface of a cells plasma membrane, causing compounds to be released inside that alters the cells function | non-steroid hormone |
| _____ are produced by cells in nearly every organ, only affect cells close to them, and can modify the effect of non-steroid hormones | prostaglandins or local hormones |
| hormone secretion is regulated by _____ feedback | negative |
| the _____ gland is attached to the hypothalamus by a short stalk | pituitary (hypophysis) |
| the pituitary glands consists of what 2 parts | anterior lobe and posterior lobe |
| the anterior lobe is regulated by _______ secreted by the hypothalamus | releasing hormones |
| the anterior lobe produces and stores its own hormones T or F | TRUE |
| hormones for the posterior lobe are produced and stored in the posterior lobe T or F | FALSE- hormones for the posterior lobe are produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe |
| the hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the posterior lobe using ______ | nerve impulses |
| what are the 5 mentioned anterior lobe hormones | GH- growth hormone, TSH- thyroid stimulating hormone, ACTH- adrenocorticotropic, PRL- prolactin, Gonadotropins |
| what are the 2 hormones released by the posterior lobe | ADH- antiduretic hormone and oxytocin |
| what hormone stimulates the division and grwoth of body cells | growth hormone |
| low levels of TH are sensed by the ____ who produces hormones to stimulate ___ pituitary which releases ___, who stimulates the thyroid gland, who then produces ___ | hypothalamus, anterior, TSH, TH |
| ACTH controls secretion of hormones by the _____ | adrenal cortex |
| which hormone initiates and maintains milk production by mammary glands | prolactin- PRL |
| what are the 2 types of gonadotropins | FSH- follicle-stimulating hormone and LH- luteinizing hormone |
| which hormone stimulates actual gamete production, egg in females and sperm in males | FSH- follicle stimulating hormone |
| which hormone stimulates hormone production, progesterone in femalesand testosterone in males | LH- luteinizing hormone |
| which hormone increases water volume in the blood and reduces water volume in the urine | ADH- antiduretic hormone |
| what is the only hormone that is regulated by positive feedback mechanism | oxytocin |
| what hormone stimulates and strengthens contraction of uterus and causes milk 'let down' and ejection | oxytocin |
| ____ is located below the larynx and has two lobes | thyroid gland |
| what is necessary for production of TH | iodine |
| what are the functions of TH | increase metabolic rate, promote protein synthesis, and enhance neuron function |
| ____ is a hormone produced by TH and lower blood Ca by stimulating osteoblasts to take Ca out of blood and into bones | calcitonin |
| small glands located on thyroid gland (2 on each lobe) | parathyroid glands |
| what hormone increases level of blood Ca by stimulating osteoclasts to take Ca from bones and deposit Ca into blood | PTH- parathyroid hormone |
| located on top of each kidney, the hat on the kidney | adrenal gland |
| what are the 2 parts of the adrenal galnd | inner adrenal medulla and outer adrenal cortex |
| what are the 2 hormones that the adrenal medulla produce | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| the ___ regulates the secretion of adrenal medullary hormones | ANS- autonomic nervous system |
| these hormones prepare the body for fight or flight, increase cellular respirations, decrease bloodflow to organs and skin, overall prepares body to meet emergencies | adrenal medulla hormones; epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| what are the 2 types o hormones of adrenal cortex | adolsterone and cortisol |
| what hormone helps maintain electrolyte balance, blood volume, and blood pressure by retaining Na | adolsterone |
| what hormone is stimulated by the decrease of Na, the increase of K or a decrease in blood pressure | adolsterone |
| what hormone makes more glucose available to body cells and helps reduce inflammation but also reduces immune responses | cortisol |
| secretion of cortisol is stimulated by ____ | ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| ____ is a elongated organ posterior to the stomache | pancreas |
| ___ cluster of secretory cells that perform the endocrine functions of the pancreas | islets of langerhans |
| what are the 2 hormones secreted by islets of langerhan | glucagon and insulin |
| what hormone increases blood glucose level when it gets too low | glucagon |
| what hormone decreases blood glucose concentration when it gets too hight by causing the liver to synthesize extra glucose molecules into glycogen | insulin |
| low blood glucose stimulates secretion of ___ and inhibits secretion of ___ | glucagon, insulin |
| ___ is caused by hyposecretion of insulin | diabetes mellitis |
| ___ are the sex glands; ovaries and testes | gonads |
| what hormone helps maintain pregnant uterus | estrogen |
| what hormone helps prepare uterus and mammary glands for pregnancy | progesterone |
| what are the functions of testosterone | to promote the development and maturation of reproductive structures and to maintain sex drive |
| what hormone does the pineal gland secrete | melantonin |
| this hormone functions to control the onset of puberty and makes the body sleepy | melantonin |
Created by:
cward
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