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Biochemistry

Kubon Biology Unit 3 Vocabulary Biochemistry

TermDefinition
Polar uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms ex. Water molecule
pH scale measurement system to indicate the concentration of H+ ions in solution (pH scale – 0-14)
Acid any compound that forms H+ ions in solution; pH values below 7
Base any compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH- ions) in solution; pH values above 7
Buffers weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH
Monomers small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
Polymers large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
Carbohydrate compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
Monosaccharide single sugar molecule
Polysaccharide large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides
Lipid macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils and waxes
Nucleic acid macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus
Nucleotide monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
Protein macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repairs and to make up enzymes
Amino acid compound with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end
Chemical reaction process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
Reactant element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction
Product element or compound produced by a chemical reaction
Activation energy energy needed to get a reaction started
Catalyst substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Enzyme protein that acts as a biological catalyst
Substrate reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a molecule is split into two parts by reacting with a molecule of water, which has the chemical formula H2O. One of the parts gets an OH- from the water molecule and the other part gets an H+ from the water
Dehydration Synthesis a chemical reaction in which one or more molecules of water are removed from the reactants to form a new product
Created by: lisakubon
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