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Biology 17.16
Biology test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Immunology | study of how the immune system functions to protect us from diseases, pathogens, and allergens |
| Epidemiology | studies how diseases are transmitted within human and animal population |
| Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) | relatively new diseases that have increased or will increase in human or animal populations : Ebola, Mad cow, HIV "reemergence" |
| pandemics | shows the devastating potential of global disease outbreaks |
| Red Blood Cells RBC | Non- nucleated biocave, discs filled hemoglobin |
| Neutrophil white blood cell (WBC) | Tiny strain, nucleus multi lobed with lobes connected by thin strands of nucleas material. Capable of phagocytising foreign and toxic |
| Monocyte macrophage (WBC) | nucleus most often U or kidney shaped cystoplasm is abundant and light blue celles leave bloodstream to become microphages defend against viruses and bacteria |
| Eosinophil (WBC) | granular cyte arge granules (A) acidophilic nucleus two lobes connected band nucleas material |
| Basophil (WBC) | largest numerons = nucleus granules contain histaminest neparin allergic reactions |
| Platelets | proper bloodclotting, cubic m=250,500 thous + clotting occurs , less clotting may not occur |
| What is the first defense against pathogens? | Skin |
| Jenner developed smallpox vaccine how? | Long term observation that cowpox exposure protected milkmaids from small pox |
| What is the definition of antigen? | disease causing agent bact, virus fungi & protist |
| What is an antibody? | Immunoglobins neutralise bacteria and viruses |
| What are autoimmune diseases? | Diabetes type 1, rheumotoid arthritis, lupus |
| HIV Stands for | Human Immunodeficiency viruses |
| How did HIV jump from chimpanzees to to humans? | Possibly by blood transfer when humans were killing animals for food infecting wounds in some humands in the sub-saharan Africa |
| How many people are living with HIV in N. America ? | 550,000 |
| How many in the whole world have HIV? | 25 Million |
| How is HIV contracted? | Sexual contact, blood transfusion, multiple partners, no protective sex |
| Epidemic | Outbreak: occurance of health related event which is clearly in excess of the normal expectancy |
| Pandemic | an epidemic that has spread to several countries or entire globe AIDS is considered a pandemic |
| endemic | health related event which always found in a particular area. |
| Morbidity | the percent of the entire at risk (exposed) population who actually became ill or disabled |
| Mortality | percent of the entire at-risk (exposed) population who actually died in the event |
| Attack rate | teh number becoming ill who ate at one place divided by the total number who ate at the same place |
| How is salmonella usually diagnosed? | Lab test to identify salmonella in the stool of infected pt |
| What is causing some of the Salmonella to become antibiotic resistant? | Promoting growth of animals the cause salmonella to become antibiotic resistant |
| How can food handlers pass along salmonella | Spread by not washing hands after using the restroom |
| Some animals that can harbor salmonella bacteria | turtle, frogs, snakes, lizards, iguanas |
| IS sallmonella a reportable condition in the state of Oklahoma? | yes |
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