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Endocrine2010

QuestionAnswer
Hypothalamus – corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin GHIH), prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH), melano
mineralocorticoids produced in zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex & help control body’s Na & K content
glucocorticoids, androgens, & estrogens produced in zona fasciculate & zona reticularis; hormones produced & secreted by cortex called adrenal steroids/corticosteroids
mineralocortocoids function aldosterone maintains ECF volume, promotes sodium & water reabsorption & K excretion in the kidney tubules
aldosterone secretion is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system, serum K ion concentration, & ACTH
renin-angiotensin system = renin produced by renal arterioles, & its release is triggered by a decrease in ECF volume (can occur from blood loss, Na loss, posture changes)
renin converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II (active form), which then stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, causing the kidneys to reabsorb Na & water to bring the plasma volume & osmolarity back to normal
aldosterone is also secreted when serum K level increases above normal by as little as 0.1mEq/L
glucocorticoids function: cortisol affects carbs, protein, & fat metabolism, body’s response to stress, emotional stability, & immune function
release of glucocorticoids is regulated by ACTH from the AP & indirectly by the release of CRH from the hypothalamus (release of CRH & ACTH is affected by the serum level of free cortisol, sleep-wake cycle, & stress
glucocorticoid release peaks in the morning & reaches lowest level 12h after peak (emotional, chemical, or physical stress increases release of glucocorticoids)
adrenal medullary hormones (catecholamines)
function: adrenal medulla secretes norepinephrine (15%) & epinephrine (85%)
norepinephrine acts mainly on alpha-adrenergic receptors
epinephrine most often stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors
Created by: hhuff
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