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GMS Ch. 8 - DeM
DeMarco - Ch. 8 Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
movement of the ground that occurs when rocks inside Earth pass their elastic limit, break suddenly, and experience elastic rebound | earthquake |
fracture that occurs when rocks break and that results in relative movement of opposing sides; can form as a result of compression (reverse fault), being pulled apart (normal fault), or shear (strike-slip fault) | fault |
earthquake waves, including primary waves, secondary waves, and surface waves | seismic wave |
point deep inside Earth where energy is released, causing an earthquake | focus |
point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus | epicenter |
instrument used to record seismic waves | seismograph |
a measure of the energy released by an earthquake | magnitude |
powerful seismic sea wave that begins over an ocean-floor earthquake, can reach 30 m in height when approaching land, and can cause destruction in coastal areas | tsunami |
describes the ability of structures to stand up against the vibrations caused by an earthquake | seismic safe |
cone-shaped hill or mountain formed when hot magma, solids, and gas erupt onto Earth's surface through a vent | volcano |
molten rock flowing onto Earth's surface | lava |
large, broad volcano with gently sloping sides that is formed by the buildup of basaltic layers | shield volcano |
relatively small volcano formed by moderate to explosive eruptions of tephra | cinder cone volcano |
steep-sided volcano formed from alternating layers of violent eruptions of tephra and quieter eruptions of lava | composite volcano |
long crack, fissure, or trough that forms between tectonic plates moving apart at plate boundaries | rift |
hot, molten rock material that has been forced upward from deep inside Earth, which may cause magma to break through Earth's mantle and crust and may form volcanoes | hot spot |