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Digestive Terminol.
Chapter 11 Digestive System Medical Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Peritoneum | serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. |
| Appendix | small pouch attached to the cecum; no known digestive function, also called the vermiform appendix. |
| Abdomen | portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
| Soft palate | posterior portion, not supported by bone |
| Hard palate | anterior portion, supported by bone. |
| Uvula | soft "V" shaped mass that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat |
| Pharynx, throat | performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus. |
| Esophagus | 10 inch tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| Stomach | "J" shaped sac that mixes and stores food; secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local control. |
| Cardia | area around the opening of the esophagus. |
| Fundus | uppermost domes portion of the stomach |
| Body | central portion of the stomach |
| Antrum | lower portion of the stomach |
| Pylorus | portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
| Pyloric sphincter | rings of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. |
| Small intestine | 20-foot canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. |
| Duodenum | first 10-12 inches of the small intestine |
| Jejunum | second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet. |
| Ileum | third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet. |
| Large intestine | canal that is approximately 5 feet long and extends from the ileum to the anus. |
| Cecum | blind "U" shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine. |
| Colon | next portion of the large intestine; includes the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon |
| Rectum | remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8-10 inches long |
| Anus | sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract |
| Salivary glands | produce saliva, which flows into the mouth |
| Liver | produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats; also aids in metabolism |
| Bile ducts | passageways that carry bile; the hepatic duct (liver) and cystic duct (gallbladder) join to form the common bile duct. All together, they are known as the biliary ducts. |
| Gallbladder | small, saclike structure that stores bile |
| Pancreas | produces pancreatic juice, which helps to digest all types of food; also secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism |
| Peritoneum | serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. |
| Appendix | small pouch attached to the cecum; no known digestive function, also called the vermiform appendix. |
| Abdomen | portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
| Adhesion | abnormal growing together of two surfaces that are usually separated |
| Anorexia nervosa | eating disorder characterized by prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea, and abnormal fear of becoming obese. |
| Bulimia nervosa | eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative use (binge/purge) |
| Cirrhosis | chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and scar tissue formation, usually caused by alcoholism |
| Crohn disease | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and scar tissue |
| Duodenal ulcer | ulcer in the duodenum |
| Gastric ulcer | ulcer in the stomach |
| Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) | abnormal backward flow of gastric juices into the esophagus |
| Hemochromatosis | iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absorbed |
| Hemorrhoid | varicose vein in the rectal area, may be internal or external |
| Ileus | obstruction of the intestine |
| Intussusception | telescoping of a segment of the intestine |
| Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | periodic disturbance of bowel function |
| Obesity | excess of body fat (not weight) |
| Peptic ulcer | gastric or duodenal ulcer |
| Polyp | tumor like growth extending outward from a mucus membrane, usually benign |
| Ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers |
| Volvulus | twisting or kinking of the intestines |
| Proctoptsis | prolapse of the rectum |
| Sialolith | stone in the salivary gland |
| Steatohepatitis | inflammation of the liver associated with excessive fat |
| Uvulitis | inflammation of the uvula |
| Cholangiogram | radiographic image of bile ducts |
| Cholangiography | radiographic imaging of bile ducts |
| Cholecystogram | radiographic image of the gallbladder |
| CT colonography | radiographic imaging of the colon using a CT scanner |
| Esophagogram | radiographic image of the esophagus |
| Laparotomy | incision into the abdominal cavity |
| Colonoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the colon |
| Colonoscopy | visual examination of the colon |
| Endoscope | instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ |
| Endoscopy | visual examination within a hollow organ |
| Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) | visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| Esophagoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the |
| Esophagoscopy | visual examination of the esophagus |
| Gastroscope | instrument used for visual examination of the stomach |
| Gastroscopy | visual examination of the stomach |
| Laparoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
| Laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity |
| Proctoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the rectum |
| Proctoscopy | visual examination of the rectum |
| Sigmoidoscope | instrument used for visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
| Sigmoidoscopy | visual examination of the sigmoid colon |
| Herniorraphy | suturing of a hernia for repair |
| Ileostomy | creation of an artificial opening into the ileum |
| Laparotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| Palatoplasy | surgical repair of the palate |
| Polypectomy | excision of a polyp |
| Pyloromyotomy | incision into the pyloric muscle |
| Pyloroplasty | surgical repair of the pylorus |
| Uvulectomy | excision of the uvula |
| Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) | surgical repair of the uvula, palate, and pharynx, performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea |
| Abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
| Anal | pertaining to the anus |
| Aphagia | without swallowing (inability to) |
| Colorectal | pertaining to the colon and rectum |
| Dyspepsia | difficult digestion |
| Dysphagia | difficult swallowing |
| Gastrodynia | pain in the stomach |
| Gastroenterologist | one who studies ad treats the GI |
| Gastroenterology | study of the GI |
| Gastromalacia | softening of the stomach |
| Glossopathy | disease of the tongue |
| Ileocecal | pertaining to the ileum and the cecum |
| Nasogastric | pertaining to the nose and stomach |
| Oral | pertaining to the mouth |
| Pancreatic | pertaining to the pancreas |
| Peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum |
| Proctologist | physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum |
| Proctology | study of the rectum |
| Rectal | pertaining to the rectum |
| Steatorrhea | discharge of fat (in stool) |
| Steatosis | abnormal condition of fat |
| Stomatogastric | pertaining to the mouth and the stomach |
| Sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue |
| A&P resection | abdominoperineal resection |
| BE | barium enema |
| EGD | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| EUS | endoscopic ultrasound |
| FOBT | fecal occult blood test |
| GERD | Gastro-esophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| H. pylori | helicobacter pylori |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| N | nausea and vomiting |
| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal |
| UPPP | Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
| Stoma | surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body |
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