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bioquiz4
Quizbio4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The condition in which the number of chromosomes is not a multiple of 23, as in trisomoy and monosomy | aneuploidy |
| choice of mate because of some trait positive factors – language, intelligence negative factors – characteristics different from one’s self | assortative mating |
| The inactive X chromosones, visible as a densely staining chromatin mass in the somatic cells of normal females | Barr body |
| change in chromosome structure; part of chromosome is duplicated,deleted,inverted,translocated (moved to another spot on the same chromosome or another chromosome) | chromosome mutation |
| the mating of related individuals | consanguinity |
| the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis | crossing over |
| A type of gene mutation wherein the deletion (as well as addition) of (a number of) nucleotide(s) causes a shift in the reading frame of the codons in the mRNA, thus, may eventually lead to the alteration in the amino acid sequence at protein translation. | deletion mutation |
| the sitcuation in which as a consequence of X inactivation, the amount of X chromosome encoded gene product in females is roughly equal to that in males | dosage compensation |
| determines whether an allele is transmitted to offspring | fitness |
| an alteration of DNA in which a duplication or deletion occurs that is not a multiple of three base pairs | frameshift mutation |
| female is a mosaic with respect to expression of genes on the X chromosome | functional mosaicism |
| change in an individual gene | gene mutation |
| The existence together of many forms of DNA sequences at a locus within the population. | genetic polymorphism |
| change in chromosome number;error in separation in mitosis or meiosis non-disjunction,results in aneuploidy | genomic mutation |
| an individual's allelic constitution at a locus | genotype |
| Specifies an equilibrium relationship between gene frequencies and genotype frequencies in populations | Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium |
| refers to a gene that is present in only a single copy. Most commonly refers to genes on the single male X chromosome but can refer to other genes in the haploid state. | hemizygous |
| dark-staining chromatin that is usually transcriptionally inactive and consists mostly of repeptitive DNA. | heterochromatin |
| an individual who has two different alleles at a locus | heterozygous |
| an individual in whom the the two alleles at a locus are the same | homozygous |
| A type of mutation resulting from the addition of extra nucleotides in a DNA sequence or chromosome | insertion mutation |
| describes two loci that are located close enough on the same chromosome that their recombination frequency is less than 50% | linkage |
| uses linkage analysis to determine distance between genes | linkage map |
| a type of mutation that results in a single amino acid change in the translated gene product | missense mutation |
| an aneuploid condition in which a specific chromosome is present in only a single copy, giving an individual a total of 45 chromosomes aka Turner’s syndrome | monosomy |
| the existence of two or more genetically different cell lines in an individual | mosaic |
| a substance that causes a mutation | mutagen |
| change in the nucleotide sequence or arrangement in DNA | mutation |
| failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids in meiosis to seperate properly into different progeny cells | non-disjunction |
| a diagram that describes family relationships, sex, disease status, and other attributes | pedigree |
| the observed characteristics of an individual, produced by the interaction of genes and enviroment | phenotype |
| the altertation of a single nucleotide to a different nucleotide. An alteration of DNA sequence too small to be detected under a light microscope | point mutation |
| the branch of genetics delaing with genetic variation and genetic evolution of populations | population genetics |
| used to calculate the probability of two or more independent events occurring at the same time | product rule |
| factors affect the selection of a mate selection is restricted to members of a sub-population | random mating |
| a DNA molecule that consists of componenets from more than one parent molecule | recombinants |
| chosing an offspring based off of genetic make-up | selection |
| a trait that is expressed only in one sex | sex-limited |
| a trait whose expression is modified by the sex of the individual possessing the trait | sex-influenced |
| used when two or more events are mutually exclusive or are alternative events | sum rule |
| purine replaces purine A-T → G-C | transition mutation |
| purine replaces pyrimidine A-T → C-G or T-A | transversion mutation |
| an aneuploid condition in which the individual has an extra copy of one chromosome, for a total of 47 chromosomes in each cell aka Kleinfelter’s syndrome | trisomy |
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