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Soil Test Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Soil Weathered rock material that has been altered by the presence of living and decaying organisms such that it can support rooted plant life
Arable Soil that is suited for growing crops
Humus Partially decayed organic matter
Loam An organic-rich soil that is well suited for growing plants
Horizon Horizontal layers of soil
Soil Profile The sequence of soil horizons from the surface to the underlying bedrock
Aggregation A measure of soil strength
Porosity The ability to hold water and oxygen
Soil Fertility The ability of a soil to provide nutrients, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium to growing plants
Eluviation The lateral or downward movement of dissolved or suspended material within soil when rainfall exceeds evaporation
Illuviation The introduction of salts or colloids into one soil horizon from another by percolating water
Soil Degradation The decline in soil quality caused by improper use, usually for agricultural, pastural, industrial, or urban purposes
Soil Erosion Soil is naturally removed by water or wind
Soil Compaction Loss of pore space caused by lack of water or weight of heavy machinery
Salinization Accumulation of soluble salts of Na, Ca, Mg in soil to the extent that soil fertility is severely reduced
Nutrient loss The loss of soil fertility caused by loss of chemicals such as phosphorus or nitrogen
Created by: jmglbrt
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