Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
endocrine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the two great control systems of the body are | the nervous system and the endocrine system |
| The responses of the endocrine system are typically | slower and longer lasting than the nervous system |
| Some endocrine organs produce | hormones exclusivly, others produce hormones in addition to carrying out other non-endocrine functions |
| Some cells of the body for example adipose cells, cells in the walls of the small intestine, stomach, kidneys, and heart also produce | hormones |
| Hormones are chemically classified as | amino acid based, or steroids (eicosanoids are different). Most hormones are amino-acid based |
| the steroids are produced from | cholesterol and mostly consist of the gonadal and adrenocortical hormones |
| Eicosanoids are biologically active lipids made from arachidonic acid with | localized effects |
| A given hormone influences the activity of only certain | tissue cells called target cells regardless ofsystemic distribution |
| Hormones are molecular triggers rather than | informational molecules |
| the mechanism used by steroids, which can penetrate plasma membranes | involves direct gene activation |
| Some amino acid based hormones may use | other mechanisims other than G protiens and intracellular second messangers |
| Insulin is an amino acid based hormone that appears to work without | second messangers |
| When insulin binds to its receptor | the receptor becomes activated via autophosphorylation, then intracellualr relay protiens bind to the receptor, the relay protiens activate effector protiens via phosphorylation, the effector protiens bring about the specific cellular to insulin |
| Target cell activation depends on three factors | hormone levels in the blood, relative numbers of receptors for that hormone, affinity of the bond between the hormone and the receptor. these three factors are dynamic and thus may change this modifies hormone effects |
| Some hormones provoke target organ responses almost immediatly, while others, particuarly the steroid hormones require | hours to days before effects are to be seen |
| Hormone effects may disappear rapidly as blood levels | drop or they may persist for hours after very low hormone levels have been reached |
| Some hormones interact with other hormones and may | fall into the category of permissiveness, synergism, or antagonism |
| A major way of inhibiting hormones is | feedback inhibition |
| The three major types of stimuli to manufacture and release hormone is | humoral, neural, and hormonal |
| The nervous system may modify | endocrine responses |
| Growth hormone acting indirectly through IGF stimulates | bones and skeletal muscles to grow and to a lesser extent most body cells. It also provides protien synthesis and cartilage formation |
| Growth hormon acting directly increases | fat utilization for energy (and increasing blood levels of fatty acids) and increases blood gluclose levels due to decreased utilization of gluclose and increased glycogen breakdown in the liver |
| Thyroid hormone effects most of the body cells and increases | basal metabolic rate and body heat production helps maintain blood pressure and helps regulate tissue growth and development |
| Aldosterone increases | blood levels of Na+ which affects blood volume and blood pressure and decreases blood levels of K+ |
| Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis and | hyperglycemia. mobilizes fats for energy metabolism helps body resist stress enhances epinephrines effort to modify blood pressure and circulatory efficiancy, and depresses immune responses |
| Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates | gamete production |
| luteinizing hormone promotes the | production of gonadal hormones |
| Prolactin stimulates | breast milk production |
| Oxytocin stimulates | uterine contractions for childbirth and the breast milk ejection response ( "let down" reflex) |
| Antidiuretic hormone stimulates | water retention and increases blood pressure and volume |
| Calcitonin (mostly in children) decreases | blood Ca++ levels |
| Parathyroid hormone increases | blood Ca++ levels |
| Insulin lowers | blood gluclose levels, stimulates amino acid uptake and protien synthesis in muscles, and promotes fat storage |
| Glucagon raises | blood glucose levels |
| Epinephrine increases | heart rate,respitory rate, blood pressure, increases blood to key organs(brain, heart, and skeletal muscles), and decreases GI activity |
Created by:
beck7815
Popular Biology sets