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Ch 9 Cell Division

Cell cycle vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
prophase First and longest phase of mitosis. Nuclear envelope begins to disappear.
metaphase Chromosomes line up at the equator in the middle of the cell
anaphase Chromosomes are pulled apart by the spindle apparatus.
telophase Chromosomes have reached the opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear membrane begins to reform.
interphase During this stage the cell is growing, carrying on its normal functions and replicating its DNA
G1 First phase of interphase in which the cell is growing and performing its normal functions
S phase Cell DNA is replicated during this phase
G2 During this phase the cell is preparing for mitosis
centromere structure at the chenter of the chromosome where the sister chromatids are attached
cell cycle cycle of cell growth and division
mitosis division of cell's nucleus and nuclear material
cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm, creating two new daughter cells
chromosomes Cellular structures containing the genetic material that is passed from generation to generation of cells
chromatin relaxed form of DNA found during interphase
sister chromatid structures that contain identical copies of DNA
spindle apparatus important in moving and organizing the chromosomes before cell division; consists of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers
cyclins proteins that control different activities of the cell cycle
cyclin dependent kinase enzyme that binds to cyclins and helps regulate various activities of the cell cycle
cancer uncontrolled growth and division of cells - failure in the regulation of the cell cycle
carcinogen substance known to cause cancer
apoptosis programmed cell death
stem cells unspecialized cells that develop into specialized cells when under the right conditions
growth factors stimulate the growth and division of cells
tumor growth of cells may be benign or malignant
benign tumor non-cancerous tumor that does not spread
malignant tumor cancerous growth that can spread and disrupt the workings of the body
Created by: KimNixon
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