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Nervous System 3
Ther Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axon | Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body toward target cells |
| Brainstem | The HINDBRAIN & MIDBRAIN of the Central Nervous System (CNS) |
| Cerebellum | Part of the (vertebrate) HINDBRAIN functions in movement & balance |
| Cerebral cortex | Surface of the CEREBRUM -containing SENSORY and MOTOR nerve cell bodies |
| Cerebral Hemisphere | The RIGHT or LEFT side of the vertebrate brain |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | Surrounds, protects against infections nourishes and cushions the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD |
| Chemically-gated ion channels | Specialized ion channels that open or close in response to a CHEMICAL STIMULUS |
| Corpus Collosum | Thick band of nerve fibers that connect the RIGHT and LEFT hemispheres (in placental mammals) |
| Dendrite | Short, highly branched processes of a NUERON / convey impulses toward a cell body |
| Excitatory PostSynaptic Potential (EPSP) | Makes it more likely for a POSTSYNAPTIC NUERON to generate an ACTION POTENTIAL |
| Excitable cells | Cells that have the ability to generate changes in their MEMBRANE POTENTIAL |
| Ganglion | A cluster of NERVE CELL BODIES in a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| Gated ion channel | A channel gated to a SPECIFIC nueron- which alters it's membrane potential |
| Glial cell | Provides SUPPORT, INSULATION, and PROTECTION for the nuerons |
| Hindbrain | Develops into the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, PONS and CEREBELLUM |
| Hyperpolarization | Electrical state whereby the INSIDE of the cell is made more NEGATIVE relative to the OUTSIDE than at resting membrane potential |
| Hypothalamus | Part of the vertebrate FOREBRAIN- maintains HOMESTASIS-coordinating the ENDOCRINE and NERVOUS SYSTEMS- |
| Hypothalamus | Secretes hormones of the POSTERIOR PITUITARY and RELEASING FACTORS, which regulate the ANTERIOR PITUITARY |
| Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) | ELECTRICAL CHARGE in the membrane of a POSTSYNAPTIC nueron caused by the binding of an INHIBITORY nuerotransmitter from a PRESYNAPTIC CELL to a POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTOR |
| Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) | Makes it more difficult for for a POSTSYNAPTIC CELLto generate an ACTION POTENTIAL |
| Limbic system | Group of NUCLEI in the lower part of the mammalian FOREBRAIN that interact w/ the CEREBRAL CORTEX in determining emotions; includes the HIPPOCAMPUS and the AMYGDALA |
| Long term depression (LTD) | Reduced responsiveness to an ACTION POTENTIAL (nerve signal) by a receiving NUERON |
| Long term potentiation (LTP) | Enhanced responsiveness to an ACTION POTENTIAL (nerve signal) by a receiving nueron |
| Medulla (also medulla oblongata) | Lowest part of the vertebrate brain; a swelling of the HINDBRAIN dorsal to the anterior spinal cord that contains autonomic, homeostatic function, including breathing, heart and blood vessel activity, swallowing, digestion and vomiting |
| Membrane Potential | Charge diference between CYTOPLASM and EXTRACELLULAR fluid in all cells- result of the diferentia distribution of ions |
| Midbrain | One of 3 ancestral/ embryonic regions of the vertebrate brain; develops into SENSORY INTEGRATING, and RELAY centers that send SENSORY INFORMATION to the CEREBRUM |
| Motor Division | EFFERENT NUERONS that convey information from the CNS to the EFFECTOR CELLS |
| Motor nueron | A NERVE CELL that transmits signals from the BRAIN or SPINAL CORD to muscles or glands |
| Motor output | The conduction of signals from a processing center in a Central Nervous System to the EFFECTOR CELLS |
| Motor unit | A single nmotor nueron and all the muscle fibers it controls |
| Myelin sheath | In a NUERON an insulating coat of cell membrane from SCHWANN cells that is interrupted by NODES OF RANVIER where SALTATORY CONDUCTION occurs |
| Nerve | Bundle of nueron fibers (AXONS & DENDRITES) tightly wrapped in connective tissue |
| Nueron | A NERVE CELL |
| Nerve net | A web of NUERONS; characteristic of animals such as hydra |
| Nervous tissue | Tissue made up of NUERONS & SUPPORTING cells |
| Nueral crest | Band of cells alongf the border where the NUeral Tube pinches of the ECTODERM ; cells form the pigment cells of the skin, bones of the skull, teeth, adrenal glands & aprts of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| Nueral tube | Tube of cells running along the dorsal axis of the body, just dorsal to the NOTOCHORD. It will give rise to the CNS |
| Nuerohypophysis | Aka. the POSTERIOR PITUITARY, an extension of the BRAIN; stores and secretes OXYTOCIN and ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE, both produced by the NUEROSECRETORY cells in the HYPOTHALAMUS |
| Nueropeptides | Short chains of AMINO ACIDS that serve as NEUROTRANSMITTERS |
| Nuerosecretory cells | HYPOTHALAMUS cells that receive signals from other NERVE cells but instead of signalling an adjacent NERVE cell or MUSCLE, they release HORMONES into the bloodstream |
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