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Nervous Syst Ch10&11
part1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nervous System | CNS=brain & spinal cord PNS=cranial & spinal nerves Functions= receiving-sensory deciding - integrative reacting to stimuli - motor |
| Effectors | Muscles and glands |
| Divergence | Impulses leaving a neuron and reaching other neurons |
| Convergence | Multiple axons leading to the same neuron |
| Neuron | has Dendrites=receive imput Axon=carries info away from cell in the form of bio electrical signals called nerve impulses- 2 main ions involved are Na and K |
| Multipolar Neuron | Most common In brain & spinal cord Many processes 1 axon & the rest dendrites |
| Bipolar Neuron | In eyes, nose & ears 2 processes from wither end 1 axon & 1 dendrite |
| Unipolar Neuron | In ganglia outside the brain or spinal cord 1 Process that divides into 2 branches & functions as 1 axon |
| Sensory (afferent) neuron | Carry nerve impulses from peripheral body parts INTO brain or spinal cord Most unipolar |
| Interneuron | transmit nerve impulses between neurons in the brain & spinal cord Multipolar |
| Motor (efferent) neuron | Carry nerve impulses out of brain or spinal cord to effectors Multipolar |
| Astrocytes | Star shaped Found between neurons & blood vessels in CNS Structural support Maintains Ionic environment |
| Oligodendrocytes | In CNS Shaped like astrocytes in rows of axons Form myelin & produce growth factors |
| Microglia | Small cells phagocytosis |
| Ependyma | In CNS Cuboidal & columnar cells Inner lining |
| Schwann Cells | in PNS Produce myelin Speed neurotransmission |
| Satellite Cells | in PNS Small cuboidal cells that surround cell bodies of neurons in ganglia Supports ganglia in PNS |
| Presynaptic neuron | Sending side of synapse |
| Postsynaptic neuron | on receiving side of synapse |
| Myelinated vs Unmyelinated | An unmyelinated axon conducts an impulse over it's entire axon A myelinated axon (white)a nerve impulse apprears to jump from node to node (node of ranvier) |
| GABA | Major inhibitory (turning a process off) |
| Reuptake inhibitor | Prevent reabsorbtion (have more wanted reaction) |
| Depolarizing membrane | Sodium ions diffuse INWARD |
| Repolarizing | Potassium ions diffuse OUTWARD |
| Resting Potential | Positive outside Negative inside nothing is happening |
| Action Potential | The basis for nerve impulse when threshold is reached |
| Refractory Period | Recharge the system ions go back to resting very short period |
| Parts of Reflex arc | Receptor Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuron Effector |
| Ascending Tracts | Conduct sensory impulses TO brain |
| Descending Tracts | from brain to motor neurons reaching effectors |
| Ventricles | Canals in the brain that contain CSF |
| Spinal Nerves | 31 pairs arise from spinal cord branches to various body parts |
| Cerebrospinal fluid CSF | Forms in lateral ventricles More Na and less glucose and K Nutritive & Protective Maintains stable ionic concentration Supplies info about internal environment Diagnosis |
| Meninges | Dura mater=tough, thick membrane contain blood vessels. Arachnoid mater=thin, web like Pia mater=contains delicate connective tissue & rich supply of blood vessels |
Created by:
nadiapr
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