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chapter 8 PHCC
diseases of the respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| URI stands for | upper respiratory infection(s) |
| URI's include | Coryza, Hay fever, Tonsilitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis |
| Coryza (AKA) | the common cold |
| coryza is caused by more than 200 different strains of | viruses that are highly contagious |
| signs and symptoms of coryza include | nasal congestion; copious mucus secretions(rhinorrhea); sneezing; pyrexia in children; pharyngitis; cough |
| recovering from coryza does not provide a lasting | immunity |
| viscous yellow mucus secretion is a sign of bacterial infection such as | staphylococci, streptococci, or pneumonia |
| tx. for coryza includes | antipyretics; decongestants; antitussives; increased fluid intake; rest; antibiotics if there is a sign of secondary infection; zicam to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms |
| hayfever is usually caused by allergies to | pollens, ragweed, and grasses |
| signs and symptoms of hayfever include | nasal congestion; rhinorrehea; cephalgia; sneezing; erythematous, pruritic, watery eyes |
| Tx of hayfever includes | antihistamines; decongestants; allergy desensitization (AKA) allergy shots |
| tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils caused by a | virus |
| signs and symptoms of tonsillitis | enlarged and erythematous tonsils; dysphagia; pyrexua; pustules can develop on the tonsils |
| tonsillitis and lymphadenopathy without rhinorrhea, sneezing, or coughing indicates a | bacterial infection (possibly strep) |
| Tx for tonsillitis includes | gargling with salt water; antipyretics; antibiotics for strep |
| Tx for chronic tonsillitis includes | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T+A) |
| influenza is most commonly caused by the | type A and B viruses |
| flu season usually runs from | November through March |
| signs and symptoms of influenza | chills; pyrexia; cough; Pharyngitis; sneezing and rhinorrehea; thoracodynia; myalgias; cephalalgia; malaise; vomiting and/or diarrhea |
| about 24 to 72 hours after contracting influenza you will become | contagious even though you may be asymptomatic |
| methods to reduce the risk of contracting influenza include | frequent proper handwashing; beware of fomites; refrain from touching your eyes, nose,and mouth; proper diet and regular exercise; annual immunization |
| full immunization for influenza can take | two weeks |
| the flu can range in severity from | mild to life threatening |
| influenza is particularly serious in the | very young; very old; and chronically ill |
| Tx of influenza includes | bed rest; increase fluid intake; antipyretics; decongestants; antihistamines; antivirals; prophylactic antibiotic therapy for immunocompromised patients |
| influenza kills an average of _________ Americans each year | 36,000 |
| COPD stands for | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| COPD primarily consists of the following conditions | chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema |
| Signs and symptoms of bronchitis | thoracodynia; dyspnea; productive cough; pyrexia; chills |
| bronchitis often follows an | URI |
| acute bronchitis is most serious in young children, the chronically ill, and the elderly because of the complication of | pneumonia |
| Tx of bronchitis | removal of irritants; antibiotics for bacterial infections; medicated(bronchodilator)vaporizer(nebulizers) |
| asthma is characterized by | constriction of the walls of tne bronchi and bronchioles causing stenosis and spasms. breathing,especially exhaling,is difficult |
| the bronchial spasms and stenosis cause a characteristic breath sound (BS) called | wheezing(rhonchi) |
| exacerabion of asthma has been linked to | respiratory infections; sudden weather changes; psychogenic factors; vigorous exercise; hypersensitivity to allergens |
| asthma allergens can include | just about anything |
| asthma is typically triggered by | allergies |
| there is no cure for asthma but attacks may become less severe with | age |
| asthma incidence has also been associated with | ultra clean childhood and sedentsary lifestyle |
| the risk of asthma decreases if a child is | breastfed |
| Tx of asthma includes | Avoidance of allergens; allergy desensitization; corticosteroids; bronchodilators; asthmanes; symbicort; singulair |
| asthma can be monitored by measuring the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled with a | peak flow meter |
| the most severe form of asthma is | status asthmaticus |
| status asthmaticus may end in | respiratory failure or death if not treated immediately |
| a common bronchodialator used to treat status asthmaticus is | epinephrine |
| emphysema is characterized by a | progressive irreversible loss of elasticity of the aveoli |
| emphysema is commonly associated with | heavy smoking |
| signs and symptoms of emphysema | use of accessory muscles for normal ventilation; dysphea; DOE(air hungry); easily fatigued; rales(crackles) heard on austiculation; tachypnea; cyanosis; weight loss |
| emphysema causes the heart to overwork causing cardiomegaly and | CHF (congestive heart failure) |
| Dx of emphysema is made from the patients's HX and | spirometry |
| An atelectasis can also be caused by | hemothroax; pyothorax; hydrothorax; spontaneous |
| signs and symptoms of atelectasis include | acute thoradynial; dyspnea; tachypnea |
| Tx for atelectasis includes | insertation of a chest tube (pleurocentesis)(will evacuate the air in the pleural cavity and let the lung reinflate) |
| a common chest tube suction apparatus is called | Pleur-evac |
| pneumonia | an acute inflammation of the lung(s) with an accumulation of inflammatory exudate(fluid) |
| pneumonia can be caused by a variety of | microorganisms |
| the inflammatory exudate associated with pneumonia can be referred to as | consolidation |
| signs and symtoms of pneumonia include | thoracodynia; pyrexia and chills; productive cough; dyspnea; fatigue |
| Lobar pneumonia is | inflammation of a section |
| Tx for lobar pneumonia | antibiotics and "pulminary toilet", |
| The different types of pneumonia includes | Lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, primary atypical pneumonia, secondary pneumonia |
| bronchopneumonia tx | antibiotics and pulminary toilet |
| primary atypical pneumonia (AKA) | walking pneumonia |
| primary atypical pneumonia may not | require medical attention |
| secondary pneumonia | develops as a secondry disorder from other diseases that weaken the immune system |
| the most dangerous secondary pneumonia is a complication of | influenza |
| secondary pneumonia Tx includes | tamiflu or relenza within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms |
| Dx of pneumonia is confirmed with a | CXR(chest x-ray)and sputum C+S |
| pneumonia is more common with | AIDS patients,DM,cancer patients,cirrhosis,alcoholics,elderly, children,and postoperative patients |
| with pneumonia the return of the lung(s)to a normal condition is called | resolution |
| pleurisy is an | inflammation of the pleural membranes |
| pleurisy can be a complication of | any lung disease |
| primary symptom of pleurisy is | sharp stabbing thoracodynia on inspiration and when coughing |
| Tx of pleurisy includes | antiobotics; analgesics; bedrest |
| Tuberculosis is a bacterial lung infection characterized by | necrosis of lung tissue |
| untreated TB can spread to the | kidneys, brain, or bone(Pott's disease) |
| TB is transmitted by | respiratory droplets |
| signs and symptoms of TB include | pyrexia;(exp.in afternoon)nocturnal diaphoresis; weightloss; weakness; productive cough; hemoptysis |
| in the early stages TB can be | asymptomatic |
| exposure to TB can be detected by an intradermal skin test called | PPD or tine or Mantoux |
| the Dx of TB is verified by | CXR |
| The CXR will show standard TB lesion called a | tubercle |
| TB is a very serious concern for those who are immunocompromised such as | AIDS patients, homeless, and infected immigrants |
| TB Tx includes | antituberculine antibiotics(INH)qdx12-18mo. |
| MDRTB stands for | multidrug resistant tuberculosis |
| Bonchogenic carcinoma arises in the bronchial tree and is commonly associated with | cigarette smoking |
| bronchogenic carcinoma is the most | common type of lung Ca |
| Signs and symptoms of Bronchogenic Carnimona | persistent cough often called a "smoker's cough" or "smoker's hack"; dyspnea; hemoptysis; anorexia; weightloss; general weakness |
| bronchogenic carcinoma occurs more often in | men |
| bronchogenic carcinoma pronosis is | poor |
| bronchogenic carcinoma Tx includes | surgery; radiation; chemotherapy |
| the lungs are also common secondary sites for metastases from other systems such as | breast; GI tract; female reproductive system; and kidneys |
| lung cancer kills_______Americans each year | 93,000 |
| Cystic Fibrosis(CF)is a hereditary disease affecting the lungs and pancreas of | young children and young adults |
| the most serious manifestation of CF is | copious amounts of viscous mucus secretion in the lungs causing chronic airway obstructions |
| signs and symptoms of CF include | dyspnea; rhonchi; persistent cough; viscous sputum |
| complications of CF include | chronic respiratory infections and atelectasis |
| Tx of CF includes | antibiotics for bacterial infections, diligent"pulminary toilet"techniques |
| pulmonary toilet refers to | deep breathing and forceful coughing; percussion and vibration; postural drainage; mucolytics(Mucomyst) |
| obstruction of pancreatic ducts prevents secretion of pancreatic enzymes causing | malnunitrition |
| Tx for obstruction of pancreatic ducts includes | pancreatic enzyme supplements |
| (SIDS) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome(AKA) | crib death |
| SIDS is the major cause of death between ages | one month and one year |
| SIDS is | idiopathic |
| SIDS occurs in all | social, economic, racial, and ethnic groups |
| SIDS occurs more often in | males |
| SIDS risks increases in | premature babies; low birth weight babies; multiple deliveries (twins, triplets, etc.) low birth weight babies; infants botn to teenagers; smoking(and second hand)during pregnancy; poor prenatal care; STD's during pregnancy; UTI's during pregnancy |
| SIDS may be related to decreased | seratonin levels in the brain |
| the incidence of SIDS can be reduced by 40% if infants are put down lying on their | backs instead of their abdomen |
| the incidence of SIDS can be reduced by 72% when infants slept in a room where a | fan was on |
| high risk neonates are commonly prescribed | apnea monitors |
| ABG's | arterial blood gases |
| CXR | chest X-ray |
| IPPB | intermittent positive pressure breathing |
| CT or CAT | computerized(axial)tomography |
| spirometry | process of measuring breathing |
| PFT's | pulmonary function tests |
| sputum C+S | sputum culture and sensitivity |
| RT(IT) | Respiratory Therapy(Inhalation Therapy) |
| bronchitis is commonly caused by the following conditions | air polution, asthma, emphysema(usually refers to this) |
| bronchitis is an | inflammation of the bronchi |
| bronchitis can be | acute or chronic |
| Emphysema Tx includes | removal of respiratory irritants, bronchodilator medications, mucolytics, spiriva, O2 therapy |
| a complication of emphysema is trapped air in the pleural cavaties causing a | pneumothorax |
| the increased air in the pleural cavaties puts pressure on the lungs and can cause a collapse called | atelectasis |
Created by:
dottih66
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