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Bacteria - Micro3
Vector/Mode of Attack
Question | Answer |
---|---|
N. meningitidis | Nasopharynx --> phagocytosis across mucosa |
L. monocytogenes | poorly pasteurized milk or lunch meat --> invade GI mucosa/phagocytes (facultative intra) |
M. tuberculosis | aerosol droplets |
M. bovis | unpasteurized milk |
M. leprae | nasal discharge (grows @ low temp areas of body) |
K. pneumoniae | Normal intestinal flora |
L. pneumophila | water reservoirs, but inhaled via aerosols (resp devices & AC units) |
P. aeruginosa | via breach of host defense barries (catheters, burns, intubations) --> normally soil/water |
H. influenza | aerosol droplets --> URT --> may invade submucosa & blood |
B. pertussis | aerosol droplets --> adhere cilia of tracheobronchial tree |
C. diphtheria | aerosol droplets (nasopharynx) |
M. pneumoniae | aerosol droplets --> adhere (via P1 adhesin) cilia of tracheobronchial tree |
C. psittaci | bird feces --> aerosol --> URT (invades) --> alveoli (EB --> RB --> EB) |
C. pneumoniae | aerosol --> URT (invades) --> alveoli (EB --> RB --> EB) |
C. trachomatis | D-K: infects GU columnar epithelia (neonatal as passes through canal); A-C: hand-eye contact; L1-L3: painless ulcer @ site infection |
B. cereus | contaminated food (reheated rice) |
B. anthracis | Spores from goats/cows or in soil (contact) |
N. gonorrhea | attaches via pili to mucosal cells of urethra/vagina |
T. pallidum | Sexual/casual contact --> penetrates mucous membranes --> systemic spread; transplacental |
B. burgdorferi | Ixodes tick (from mice) |
B. recurrentis | human body louse |
B. hermsii | ticks |
Leptospire interrogans | rodents/dogs/fish shed in URINE --> contaminated water (swimming) --> enter mucosal abrasion |
Y. pestis | flea (from rodents) --> phagocytosed to LNs; aerosol --> alveoli |
Francisella tularensis | ticks (from rabbits) --> multiple locally --> phagocytosed to RES (caseating granuloma) |
Brucella spp. | unpasteurized milk --> phagocytosed to RES (caseating granuloma/abscess) |
R. prowazekii | louse (from flying squirrels) --> infects endothelia |
R. typhi | flea (from rodents) --> infects endothelia |
R. tsutsugamushi | chiggers (from rodents) --> infects endothelia |
R. rickettsii | wood/dog tick (from dog/rodents) --> prolif in endothelia |
R. akari | mites (from mice) --> papule @ site |
Coxiella burnetii | sheep/cattle (in animal products) --> inhalation of spores |
Gardnerella vaginalis | normal vaginal flora |
Ehrlichia chaffeensis (HME) | ticks |
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (HGE) | Ixodes tick (from mice) |
Bartonella quintana | body louse |
Bartonella bacilliformis | sandfly |
Bartonella henselae | cat scratch/cat flea |
S. aureus (infections) | defense barrier breach or nasopharynx --> may invade bloodstream |
S. aureus (toxin) | tampon use or trauma/surgery (TSS); skin wound/umbilicus (scalded skin); food ingestion (food poisoning) |
S. epidermidis | normal skin flora --> adhere inserted medical device |
S. saprophyticus | enter urinary tract via sexual activity (women) |
S. pneumoniae | aerosol droplets (nasopharynx) --> to middle ear, sinuses, lung lymphatics to blood (lack of anti-capsular IgG) |
S. pyogenes (immune) | skin infection/pharyngitis (glom) or pharyngitis (RF) --> anti-strep Abs deposit in glom BM or cross-react with heart/joints |
S. pyogenes (infections) | aerosol droplets (adhere pharyngeal epithelia) or skin trauma (leading to infection) |
S. agalactiae (GBS) | normal gut & transient vaginal flora |
E. faecalis | normal gut flora --> overgrows when CEPHALOSPORINS remove rest flora |
S. bovis | normal lower GI flora --> pentrates via colonic lesions (CANCER) --> bloodstream |
S. viridans | normal oropharynx (S. mutans) --> ferments glucose --> demineralizes enamel; normal GI (S. intermedius) |
Shigella dysenteriae | fecal-oral --> endocytosed by colon --> spreads cell-cell |
Salmonella typhi | fecal-oral --> penetrate distal ilea/colon (Peyer's patches) --> spread via phagocytosis (gallbladder) |
Salmonella enteritidis | turtles/uncooked chicken --> penetrate distal ilea/colon |
ETEC | pili adhere (noninvade) jejunum/ileum |
EHEC/STEC | (zoonotic) pili adhere (noninvade) colon --> toxins may enter blood (to kidneys) |
EPEC | pili adhere (noninvade) ileum |
EIEC | pili adhere (invade) colon |
E. coli (others) | pili adhere urethra --> may ascend |
Y. enterocolitica | raw milk --> terminal ileum --> invades/inflammation --> ulcerates --> may go to mesenteric LNs |
Proteus mirabilis | normal GI flora or soil --> enter urinary tractt |
H. pylori | ingested --> colonize antrum (not invade) |
V. cholera | water/shellfish --> attaches proximal small intestine |
V. parahaemolytica | raw seafood (Japan) |
C. jejuni | poultry/cattle via fecal-oral --> colonizes terminal ileum (invades) |
C. botulinum | Canned foods/honey |
C. tetani | soil --> enter skin wound |
C. difficile | normal Gi flora --> antibiotic treatment clears rest flora (survives via spores) --> few competing flora now |
C. perfringens | soil/meat/poultry |
B. fragilis | normal GI flora --> perforation --> spills into peritoneum (facultative anaerobes clear out all O2) |