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TRBC Bio M6 Terms

Terms for Module 6

QuestionAnswer
Absorption The transport of dissolved substances into cells.
Digestion The breakdown of absorbed substances.
Respiration The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy.
Excretion The removal of soluble waste materials.
Egestion The removal of nonsoluble waste materials.
Secretion The release of biosynthesized substances.
Homeostasis Maintaining the status quo.
Reproduction Producing more cells.
Cytology The study of cells.
Cell Wall A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells.
Middle lamella The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells.
Plasma membrane The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings.
Cytoplasm The jellylike fluid in which all the cell organelles are suspended.
Ions substances in which at least on atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons.
Cytoplasmic Streaming The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinatedmovement of the cell's contents.
Mitochondrion The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy.
Lysosome The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccarides, disaccharides, and some lipids.
Ribosomes Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
Endoplasimic reticulum An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell.
Smooth ER ER that has no ribosomes.
Rough ER ER that is dotted with robosomes.
Leucoplasts Organelles that store starches or oils.
Chromoplasts Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis.
Central Vacuole A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes.
Waste vacuoles Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion.
Phagocytosis The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells.
Phagocytic vacuole A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs.
Pinocytic vesicle Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules.
Secretion vesicle Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released.
Golgi bodies The organelles where proteins and lipids are storedand then modified to suit the needs of the cell.
Microtubules Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure.
Nuclear Membrane A highly-porus membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
Chromatin Clusters of DNA, RNA,and proteins in the nucleus of a cell.
Cytoskeleton A network of fibers that holds the cell together,helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement.
Microfilaments Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton.
Intermediate filaments Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton tht are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments.
Phospholipid A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that ocntains a phosphate group.
Passive Transport Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion.
Active Transport Movememnt of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy.
Isotonic solution A solution in which the concentration of solutes essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution.
Hypertonic solution A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater thanthat of the cell that resides in the solution.
Plasmolysis The collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water.
Cytolysis The rupturing of a cell due to exess internal pressure.
Hypotonic solution A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution.
Activation energy Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going.
Created by: sdushaw
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