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Science 3 / Ch. 10
Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Allele | alternative forms of genes |
dominant trait | the trait that is observed |
Heredity | passing on characteristics from parent to off-spring |
Genetics | the study of heredity |
Traits | characteristics inherited |
Gametes | sex cells |
Pollination | transfer of pollen to the pistil |
Fertilization | male gamete in the pollen grain meets and fuses with the female gamete in the ovule |
Hybrid | off-spring of the parent that has different form of the same trait (short / tall) |
Recessive | trait that is not visible |
Phenotype | visible characteristics |
Genotype | genetic characteristics |
Heterozygous | if the two alleles for a trait differ from one another |
Diloid | a cell with two of each kind of chromosome (2n) |
Haploid | a cell with one of each kind of chromosome (n) |
Homologous chromosomes | paired chromosomes in a diploid cell |
Meiosis | cell division that produces a gamete containing half the number of chromosomes of its parent |
Sexual Reproduction | reproduction that involves the production and fusion of haploid cells |
Crossing over | exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis |
Genetic recombination | major sourse of genetic variation caused by reassortment or crossing over during meiosis |
Nondisjunction | failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis |