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science chapter 4
cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organism | a complete living thing |
| Robert Hooke | first discovered cells in 1665 |
| cells | smallest living unit of a living thing |
| cell theory | proposed by Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden |
| microscope | an instrument that uses lenses to magnify objects a hundred times to a thousand times greater |
| Zacharias Jansen | invented the first microscope |
| cell | tiny unit of living material surrounded by a thin membrane |
| living things | made of cells |
| unicellular | an organism consisting of only one cell |
| multicellular | living things made up of many cells |
| tissue | group pf cells working together to perform a function |
| organs | group of 2 or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function |
| system | organs working together |
| cell membrane | a cell's external boundary for the material inside a cell - portects and allows things to enter and leave a cell |
| cytoplasm | a jelly-like substance made mostly of water and containing many substances, such as proteins and fats, that are essential to the cell |
| organelle | a tiny structure inside the cytoplasm of most cells that helps carry on the functions of the cell |
| nucleus | a large organelle that contains the chromosomes - brain |
| chromosomes | tightly bound DNA (coded instructions of a cell) - has its own code |
| mitochondria | cell powerhouse (battery) - responsible for breaking down the cell's food and releasing energy |
| endoplasmic reticulum | trasportation system - the cell's system of passageways that allows the material to move from one part of the cell to another |
| ribosomes | responsible for making proteins the cell needs - carries out instructions form the DNA |
| vacuoles | a bubble-like organelle in cells - used for storage (plant cells have one large vacuole) |
| cell wall | only in plant cells - rigid surface that provides support of some kinds of cells |
| chloroplast | only in plant cells - organelles that contain chlorophyll - where photosynthesis takes place |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food and energy for the plant |
| asexual reproduction | cells undergo cell division to divide into 2 cells |
| mitosis | 2 new cells exactly the same as the original cell asexual reproduction |
| meiosis | create new life using male and female organisms and each cell only has half as many chromosomes as parent |
| classification | putting organisms based on similar characteristics |
| Carolus Lineus | proposed the method of classification we use today |
| eubacteria | bacteria - the smallest living things known, microscopic, unicellular,can be good or bad, do not have nuclear membrane, DNA flots in cytoplasm |
| archaebacteria | unicellular, unique chromosome structure, have cell walls, some can survive without oxygen, do not have nuclei |
| protista | other unicelllular organisms, do have membranes and true nuclei, reporduce by cell division, 2 types - protozones and algae |
| fungi | unicellular and multicellular, don't have cell walls, cannot make own food, examples are mushrooms and mold |
| plantae | multicellular and have chloroplasts to make food, has cell wall (firmer boundary)to support cell structure |
| animalia | multicellular, no cell wall, can't manufacture own food |
| common name | widely recognized name |
| scientific name | unique name, made up of 2 names (genus and species), written in Latin, must be underlined when handwritten, in Italics when typed |
Created by:
joshfox
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