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Science

Geology

QuestionAnswer
What do geologists study? Geologists study the forces that shape Earth's surface.
What do geologists do? They observe Earth's interrior by studying siesmic waves.
What is plate tectonics? Plate tectonics is the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are constantly in motion.
Why are pieces of Earth's lithosphere constantly in motion? Convection currents in Earth's mantle.
What are the Earth's layers from crust to core(in four parts)? Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.
What is Earth's inner core? Earth's inner core is a dense ball of solid metal and spins to produce Earth's magnetic field.
How does pressure respond as you get closer to Earth's core? Pressure increases from Earth's surface tword the core.
What is the asthenosphere? The asthenosphere is part of the mantle that is made up of soft roch that bends like plastic.
What are convection currents? Convection currents are the cycles that heat is transfered.
Where are Earth's plates? Earth's plates float on top of the asthenosphere.
What is the lithosphere? The lithosphere is made up of part crust and part mantle and is broken up into sections called plates.
Why do Earth's plates move? Convection currents.
When do convection currents occur? When heat is transferred within a fluid
What would happen to convection currents if the heat source were removed? They would stop.
What is radiation? Give an example. Radiation is the transfer of energy through empty space. An example is the sun's energy.
What is cunduction? Give an example. Cunduction is the transfer of energy. An example is when you touch a hot pan, the heat energy is transfered from the pot to your hand.
What did Alfred Wegner do? He provided evidence from landforms, fossils, and climate to support his theory of continential drift/ plate tectonics.
What was Wegner's theory? That the continents were once joined in a single landmass that he called Pangaea, and had since drifted apart.
Why was Wegner's theory rejected? Because he could provide no evidence of a force that could move the continents.
What are constructive forces? Forces that change the Earth's surface by building up mountains and landmasses.
How are mountain ranges formed? Two plates collide at a converging boundary.
What is a transform boundary? A place where two plated slip past eachother in opposite directions.
What happens at a divergent boundary? Two plates pull apart and form a rift valley.
What is a convergent boundary? A place where two plates come together.
What is oceanic crust made up of? Mostly a igneous rock called basalt.
How do scientists determine the age of rocks/ Earth? By drilling samples from rocks. The farther the rocks are from the surface, the older they are.
Where is young oceantic crust located? Closer to the mid-ocean-ridge.
Why is older oceanic crust denser? Because it has had more time to cool and harden.
What is the mid-ocean-ridge? The longest mountain chain in the world.
How do scientists map the ocean floor? Sonar.
What happens durring sea-floor spreading? Molten material rises from the mantle and erupts through the mid-ocean-ridge.
What is subduction? The process in which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle.
What would happen if subduction happened faster than sea-floor spreading? The ocean would shrink.
What is a fossil? A trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock.
Why does Earth have a magnetic field? Because of the spinning of Earth's inner core.
How did scientists discover how rocks formed? They used a submersible vehicle to discover how rocks are formed by the eruptions of molten material from Earth's mantle.
Created by: rainasarah
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