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med-micro 22
chapter 13 study questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Why do we classify viruses as obligatory intracellular parasites? | I. Viruses absolutely require living host cells to multiply. |
| 2. List the four properties that define a virus. What is a virion? | contains DNA or RNA; has a protein coat AROUND nudeic acid; multiplies N a living cel usin D synthetic machinery of D cell; N cause D synthesis of virions. A virion is a fully developed virus particle:transfers viral nudric acid N initiates multiplicatio |
| 5. Compare biosynthesis of a + stranded RNA and a - stranded RNA vIrus. | 5. Both produce double-stranded RNA with the - strand being the template for more + strands. + strands act as mRNA in both • VIrus groups. |
| 6. Some antibiotics activate phage genes. MRSA releasing Panton - Valentine leukocidin causes a life• threatening disease. Why can this happen following antibiotic treatment? | 6. Antibiotic treatment of S, areuS can activate phage genes that encode p-v leukocidin. |
| 7. Recall from Chapter I that Koch's postulates are used to determine the etiology of a disease. Why is it difficult to determine the etiology of | Viruses cannot easily B observed N host tissues. Viruses cannot easily B cultured N order 2 B inoculated N2 a new host. viruses R specific 4 their hosts N cells, making it difficult 2 substitute a laboratory animal for the third step of Koch's postula |
| 8. Persistent viral infections such as (a)_____ might be caused by (b)_______ that are (c)_______ | 8. a. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis b. Common viruses c. Answers will vary. One example of a possible mechanism is latent, in an abnormal tissue. |
| 9. Plant viruses cannot penetrate intact plant cells because (a) ; therefore, they enter cells by (b)_________ Plant viruses can be cultured in (c) ____ | 9. a. of the rigid cell walls b. vectors such as sap-sucking insects c. plant protoplasts and insect cell cultures |
| I. Place the following in the most likely order for biosynthesis of a bacteriophage: (I) phage lysozyme; (2) mRNA; (3) DNA; (4) viral proteins; (5) DNA polymerase. | e. 2,5,3,4,1 |
| 2 D molecule serving as mRNA can b incorpt N D newly synthed virus capsids of all of d following except a + strand RNA picornaviruses b + strand RNA togaviruses c - strand RNA rhabdoviruses d dub-stranded RNA reoviruses e dub-stranded DNA herpesvirus | c. - strand RNA rhabdoviruses. |
| 3. A virus with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase a. synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. b. synthesizes double-stranded RNA from an RNA template. c. synthesizes double-stranded RNA from a DNA template. d.t ranscribes mRNA from DNA. e. none of the above | b. synthesizes double-stranded RNA from an RNA template. |
| 4. What would B D 1ST step N D biosynthesis of a virus W/ rev-transcriptase? a A complement strand of RNA must be synthed b DUB-RNA must B synthed c cDNA must be synthed from an RNA template d cDNA must B synthed from a DNA template e nonE | c. A complementary strand of DNA must be synthesized from an RNA template. |
| 5. An example of lysogeny in animals could be a. slow viral infections. b. latent viral infections. c. T-even bacteriophages. d. infections resulting in cell death. e. none of the above | b. latent viral infections. |
| 6. The ability of a virus to infect an organism is regulated by a. the host species. b.the type of cells. c. the availability of an attachment site. d. cell factors necessary for viral replication. e. all of the above | e. all of the above |
| 7 NOT TRUE 4 viruses a have DNA or RNA b D nucleic acid S surrounded by a protein coat c multiply inside living cells using viral mRNA, tRNA, N ribosomes d cause D synthesis of specialized infectious elements. e multiply inside living cells | c. Viruses multiply inside living cells using viral mRNA, tRNA, |
| 8. Place the following in the order in which they are found in a host cell: (I) capsid proteins; (2) infective phage particles; (3) phage nucleic acid. a. I,2,3 b. 3,2,1 c. 2,1,3 d. 3,1,2 e. I,3,2 | d. 3,1,2 |
| 9. Which does not initiate DNA synthesis? a. a DUB-stranded DNA virus (Poxviridae) b. a DNA virus with reverse transcriptase (Hepadnaviridae) c. N RNA virus w/ reverse transniptase (Retroviridae) d. 1-stranded RNA virus (Togaviridae) e. none of the a | d. a single-stranded RNA virus (Togaviridae) |
| 10. A viral species is not defined on the basis of the disease symptoms it causes. The best example of this is a. polio. b. rabies. c. hepatitis. d. chickenpox and shingles. e. measles. | c. hepatitis. |
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xsavier1
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