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Bio Ch. 8 Vocab.
Ch. 8 Vocabulary Word Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Energy-expending process by which cells transport materials across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient | Active Transport |
| Active transport process where a cell engulfs materials with a portion of the cells plasma membrane and releases the contents inside of the cell | Endocytosis |
| Active transport process by which materials are secreted or expelled from the cell | Exocytosis |
| Passive transport of materials across a plasma membrane by transport proteins embedded in the plasma membrane | Facilitated Diffusion |
| In cells, solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to shrink as water leaves the cell | Hypertonic Solution |
| In cells, a solution in which concentration of dissolved substances is lower in the solution outside the cell than the concentration inside the cell; causes a cell to swell and possibly burst as the water enters the cell | Hypotonic Solution |
| In cells, a solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same concentration of the dissolved substances inside the cell | Isotonic Solution |
| Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane depending on the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane | Osmosis |
| Movement of particles across cell membranes by diffusion or osmosis; the cell uses no energy to move particles across the membrane | Passive Transport |
| The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and the chromatids pairs of each chromosomes are pulled apart of microtubules. | Anaphase |
| Continuous sequence of growth (interphase) and division (mitosis) in a cell | Cell Cycle |
| In animal cells, the pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules that duplicate during interphase and move to opposite ends of a cell during prophase | Centriole |
| Cell structure that joins two sister chromatids of a chromosome | Centromere |
| Long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes in the first step of mitosis. | Chromatin |
| Cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells. | Chromosomes |
| Cell process following mitosis in which the cell's "CYTOPLASM" divides and separates into new daughter cells. | Cytokinesis |
| Cell growth phase where a cell increases in size, carries on metabolism, and duplicates chromosomes prior to division. | Interphase |
| The phase of mitosis where the doubled chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle fibers and chromatids are attached by centromeres to a separate spindle fiber. | Metaphase |
| Period of nuclear cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a complete set of chromosomes. | Mitosis |
| Group of two or more tissues organized to perform complex activities within an organism. | Organ |
| Multiple organs that work together to perform a specific life function. | Organ system |
| Longest phase of mitosis where chromatin coils into visible chromosomes. | Prophase |
| Identical halves of a duplicated parent chromosome formed during the prophase stage of mitosis; the halves are held together by centromeres. | Sister Chromatids |
| Cell structures composed of microtubule fibers; forms between the centrioles during prophase and shorten during anaphase, pulling apart sister chromatids. | Spindle Fibers |
| A phase of mitosis during which new cells prepare for their own independent existence. | Telophase |
| Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. | Tissues |
| Uncontrolled cell division that may be caused by environmental factors and/or changes in enzymes production in the cell cycle. | Cancer |
| Segment of DNA that controls the protein production and the cell cycle. | Gene |
Created by:
rburrier
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