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HomeostasisTransport
Chapter 5 Biology Homeostasis and Transport
| What | Answer |
|---|---|
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy. ( Example: Diffussion |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Does not require energy input. |
| Concentration Gradient | The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space. |
| Equilibrium | Exists when the concentration of molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space. Random movement still occurs but molecules are just as likely to move in one direction as another; movement is random. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy. ( Example: Diffussion |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Does not require energy input. |
| Concentration Gradient | The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space. |
| Equilibrium | Exists when the concentration of molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space. Random movement still occurs but molecules are just as likely to move in one direction as another; movement is random. |
| What is an example of a concentration gradient? | Food coloring in water; sugar cube in water |
| How does diffusion across membranes occur? | small enough to pass through pores in cell membrane or chemical nature allows to dissolve and pass through - no energy is needed in either case |
| What dissolves across cell membranes? | water, very small uncharged particles & nonpolar substances such as carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| Osmosis | Process by which water diffuses across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| What determines the direction of osmosis? | the concentration of solutes on both sides of the membran |
| Is osmosis active or passive? | Passive because it does not require cells to expend energy. |
| Hypotonic Solution | Low solute concentration outside the cell and high water concentration outside the cell. Water moves into the cell until equilibrium is reached. |
| Hypertonic Solution | There is high water concentration inside the cell and high solute solution outside the cell. Water diffuses out of the cell until equilibrium is reached. |
| Isotonic Solution | There is an equal concentration of solutes inside and outside of the cell and an equal concentration of water inside and outside of the cell. Water diffuses into and out of the cell at equal rates so there is no net movement of water. |
| Give an example of something has cells exposed to an isotonic environment. | vertebrate land animals - most organisms that live in the sea |
| Give an example of something that has cells that function in a hypotonic environment. | Unicellular fresh water organisms |
| What do fresh water unicellular fresh water organisms have to do because they live in a hypotonic environment? How do they do it? | They need to rid themselves of excess water in the cell cytosol that enters through osmosis so that they can function normally. (Ex: Paramecia ) Some use contractile vacuoles to do this. |
| Contractile Vacuoles | Organelles that unicellular organisms use to collect excess water in the cell and force it out. |
| How do multicellular organisms often respond to a hypotonic environment? | They pump solutes out of the cytosol which lowers the solute concentration in the cytosol bringing it closer to the solute concentrate in the environment. As a result water is less likely to diffuse into the cell. ( ex: fresh water fish) |
| Turgor Pressure | The pressure from inside the plan cell that keeps the cell wall rigid. |
| Plasmolysis | Loss of turgor pressure. (cells shrink away from cell walls - plants wilt) |
| What features help cells compensate for solute concentration changes in their environment? | contractile vacuoles, solute pumps, cell walls |
| Cytolysis | the bursting of cells. Cyto = cells Lysis = pop |
| What is an example of a cell that can't compensate for extra water coming in? Why can't it? | Red blood cell. No contractile vacuoles, solute pumps or cell walls. So in a hypertonic environment they shrivel and in a hypotonic environment they swell and eventually burst ( cytolysis) |
| Facilitated Diffusion | A type of passive transport for molecules that do not diffuse rapidly. Movement is assisted by carrier proteins that create a channel for or bind to the molecule modifying shape to pass through cell membrane. |
Created by:
amarler12
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