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Biology
Exam #2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sensory receptors | endings of nerve cells or separate, specialized cells that detect temperature, pain, touch, pressure, light, sound, odors, and other stimuli |
| somatic nervous system | transmits action potentials from the CNS to skeletal muscles |
| autonomic nervous system | transmits action potentials from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands |
| neuroglia cells | support and protect neurons, participate in the formation of a permeability barrier between the blood and the neurons, phagocytize foreign substances, produce cerebrospinal fluid, and form myelin sheaths around axons |
| neuron cell body (soma) | contains a single relatively large and centrally located nucleus with a prominent nucleolus |
| What do the presence of organelles such as rough ER indicate? | that the neuron cell body is the primary site of protein synthesis within neurons |
| What is the function of dendrites? | They are the input part of the neuron. When stimulated, they generate small electric currents that are conducted to the neuron cell body. |
| What are potentials due too? | separation of charge |
| depolarization | a decrease in the membrane potential (towards zero: less negative inside cell with respect to outside) |
| hyperpolarization | an increase in the membrane potential (more negative inside cell with respect to outside) |
| What are action potentials? | rapid reversals of the membrane potential |
| What happens when the membrane hyperpolarizes? | the channel closes |
| refractory period | in that period of time an axon cannot fire another action potential |
| relative refractory period | very hard to fire another action potential, but it is possible |
| local potentials | changes in membrane potential due to a stimulus confined to a small region of the plasma membrane |
| What do local potentials results from? | opening of ligane-gated ion channels, mechanical stimulation, and temperature changes |
| What is the output of a neuron? | release of a chemical transmitter |
| epidural space | where anesthesia is injected, contains blood vessels, connective tissue and fat |
| subdural space | serous fluid |
| subarachnoid space | CSF and blood vessels within web-like strands of arachnoid tissue |
| oligondendrocytes | cytoplasmic extensions that can surround axons. If they wrap many times they form myelin sheaths. |
| Schwann cells | neuroglial cells in the PNS that wrap around axons. If they wrap around many times they form a myelin sheath, but they can only do this around a portion of one axon |
| Action potentials travel faster along ___________ then along ____________ | myelinated axons, unmyelinated axons |
| nodes of Ranvier | interruptions in the myelin sheath |
Created by:
kitkat1568
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