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Chapter 19 Viruses
Baed on BIO 150 Power Point
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are viruses? | Acellular organisms that contain DNA, RNA or both, and are usually some kind of pathogen |
| What is a pathogen? | Disease causing organisms |
| What is disease? | A change in homeostasis |
| What is Virus latin for? | Poison |
| What can viruses infect? | Anything with cells (bacteria, fungus, plants and animals) |
| What are a few ideas of where viruses may have come from? | -from cells (exited plasmid that was encased in protein) -before cells (evolved independently) -from space (brought here on a meteor) |
| How are viruses classified? | Generally based on the host range and nucleic acid. |
| What is a Bacteriophage? | Viruses that only infect bacteria |
| What is the type of virus most studied and why? | Bacteriophages, because they pose little to no threat to humans |
| What medicinal use where bacteriophages applied? | Before antibiotics bacteriophages were used to treat bacterial infections. Due to the occurace of antibiotic resistance of some bacteria, bacteriophages are under study once again |
| What are the five steps if the lytic cycle? | Attachment/absorption, penetration, Replication&Synthesis, Assembly, Release |
| The following occurs in what stage of the lytic cycle? The phage attaches to the cell surface of a bacterium | Attachment |
| The following occurs in what stage of the lytic cycle? Phage DNA enters the bacterial cell | Penetration |
| The following occurs in what stage of the lytic cycle? Phage DNA is replicated. Phage proteins are synthesized | Replication |
| The following occurs in what stage of the lytic cycle? Phage components are assembled into mature viruses | Assembly |
| The following occurs in what stage of the lytic cycle? The bacterial cell lyses and releases many phages that can infect other cells | Release |
| What is the difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycle. | Lytic is for virulant stands and Lysogenic is for temperate strands |
| What are tempearte viruses? | viruses that do not kill the host. The DNA is integrated in to the host DNA and they become a protovirus. They can occasionally become virulent spontaneously. |
| What are the four steps of the Lysogenic Cycle? | Attachment, Penetration, Integration, Replication |
| The following occurs in what stage of the Lysogenic Cycle? The phage attaches to the cell surface of the bacterium | Attachment |
| The following occurs in what stage of the Lysogenic Cycle? Phage DNA enters the bacterial cell | Penetration |
| The following occurs in what stage of the Lysogenic Cycle? Phage DNA integrates into bacterial DNA | Intergration |
| The following occurs in what stage of the Lysogenic Cycle? The intergrated prophage replicates when the bacterial DNA replicates (the new cells may exhibit new properties) | Replication |
| Whats are examples of diseases Adenovirus causes? | Respiratory diseases; tumors |
| Whats are examples of diseases Papovavirus causes? | Papillomavirus (warts,cervical cancer); polyomavirus (tumors) |
| Whats are example of diseases Herpesvirus causes? (dsDNA) | Herpes simplex I (cold sores), Herpes simplex II (genital sores), Herpes simplex III (shingles, chicken pox); Epstein-Barr virus (mono, Burkitt's lymphoma) |
| Whats are example of diseases Poxvirus causes? (dsDNA) | Smallpox virus; cowpox virus |
| Whats are example of diseases Parvovirus causes? (ssDNA) | B19 Parvovirus (mild rash) |
| Whats are example of diseases Reovirus causes? (dsRNA) | Rotavirus (diarrhea); Colorado tick fever virus |
| Whats are example of diseases Picornavirus causes? (ssRNA) | Rhinovirus (common cold); Polioviurs, hepatitia A virus, other enteric virus |
| Whats are example of diseases Coronavirus causes? (ssRNA) | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) |
| Whats are example of diseases Flavivirus causes? (ssRNA) | Yellow fever virus; West Nile virus; Hepatitis C virus |
| Whats are example of diseases Togavirus causes? (ssRNA) | Rubella virus; equine encephalitis viruses |
| Whats are example of diseases Filovirus causes? (ssRNA) | Ebola virus aka hemorrhagic fever (MOST DANGEROUS) |
| Whats are example of diseases Orthomyxovirus causes? (ssRNA) | Influenza virus |
| Whats are example of diseases Paramyxovirus causes? (ssRNA) | Measles virus; mumps virus |
| Whats are example of diseases Rhabdovirus causes? (ssRNA) | Rabies virus (always fatal) |
| Whats are example of diseases Retrovirus causes? (ssRNA) | HIV, human immunodeficiency virus (AIDS); RNA tumor viruses (leukemia) |
| What does the term "Incidence" indicate? | The spread of a disease |
| What does the term "Prevalence" indicate? | The seriousness and duration of a disease |
| What is an "Endemic Disease"? | Constantly present in a population (ex: the common cold) |
| What is an "Epidemic Disease"? | A disease acquired by many people in a small area in a short amount of time |
| What is an "Pandemic Disease"? | An epidemic disease that occurs world wide |
| Who developed the first small pox vaccine in 1796? | Dr. Edward Jenner |
| Pasteure coined the term "vaccination" from the Latin "vacca" which means what? | Cow |
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