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Science Unit Test 7
Unit Test Flash Cards for Cluster M Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the main functions of the skeletal system? | To support your body, protect vital organs, allow movement, give you structure/shape, production of blood cells |
| Identify the 4 main parts of bone. Card 1 of 2 | Marrow: Produces blood cells. Spongy Bone: Holes filled with red marrow, absorbs shock. nerves and blood (periosteum) vessels, connective tissue |
| Identify the 4 main parts of bone. Card 2 of 2 | Compact Bone: Made up of calcium and phosphorus, gives bones strength, protects marrow. Outercovering: Covers nerves and blood (periosteum) vessels, connective tissue, helps with attachment of muscles and tendons to the bone. |
| Identify the 3 parts of bone tissue | Empty space (formerly blood vessels), Bone cells, and minerals including calcium and phosphorus |
| Describe the structure of a bone cell | Round cell body with nucleus in center, many extensions or arms coming out of cell body. |
| Describe the function of a bone cell | Extensions absorb calcium from the blood stream and deposits it into the blood stream and deposits it into bone |
| What are the 3 main parts of a joint and their function? | Cartiliage: a very smooth, fluid substance that is in your joints to prevent bones from scraping one another. Fluid: a nutrient fluid that lubricates your joints to reduce friction. Ligaments: strong bonds of tissue that connect bones together at a joint. |
| What are the 2 functions of a joint? | To connect bones and allow movement |
| How does a fixed joint move? | It does not move. Ex. Cranium |
| How does a ball and socket joint move? | Allows a large range of movement. Ex. Shoulder, hip |
| How does a hinge joint move? | Moves in two directions. Ex. Knee, elbow |
| How do x-rays work? | X-rays are absorbed by substances that are dense and therefore do not hit the film. These substances appear white. When X-rays hit the film, because the substance does not absorb all the radiation wave, it then appears black or grey. |
| What does bone appear like on a X-ray? | It appears white because it is most dense |
| What does fat appear like on a X-ray? | Fat appears gray because it is less dense |
| What does air appear like on a X-ray? | Air appears black because the radiation wave can pass directly onto the x-ray film. |
| How does cartilage appear on a X-ray? | It appears a fuzzy gray/white as it is not as dense as bone. |
| How does muscle appear on a X-ray? | It appears gray because it is less dense. |
| How are sunlight, vitamin D, calcium, and weak bones related? | Sunlight can provide vitamin D for your body, as can fish and fortified milk. Vitamin D is important because your body needs it to absorb calcium. Calcium helps your bones grow strong. If you don't get calcium your bones will become weak. |
| What are the disadvantages and advantages of an exoskeleton? | Advantages of an exoskeleton are that it provides protection and holds moisture well. A disadvantage is that it doesn't allow for growth without having to shed skeletons. Ex. Crab |
| What are the disadvantages and advantages of an endoskeleton? | Advantages are that it allows lots of movement, protects organs, and allows growth. Disadvantages are that it is not as strong as an exoskeleton, bones can break, and it leaves the flesh unprotected. Ex. Human |
| What are the disadvantages and advantages of no skeleton? | Advantages are no broken bones and you can squeeze into small spaces. Disadvantages are that they cannot grow large and can be squashed easily. Ex. Slug, jellyfish |
| Where are the growth centers of your long bones? | At the ends of your long bones. |
| What are 3 clues you can use when looking at an X-ray to estimate the age of the person's bones? | Bone size, carpal size, and color. |
| How do broken bones heal? | New bone cells are made as blood rushes to the bone, bone cells begin to absorb calcium, bone becomes strong again, bone is completely healed. |
| Describe the process of bone formation | Bone formation starts with bone and nutrients and a bone forms over the cartilage as it begins to grow larger. The bone becomes calcified and your bones fuse and grow as you grow. |
| What is a variable? | A variable is something that changes from experiment to experiment. |
| Why is it important to test only one variable at a time? | It is important to test only one variable at a time to be sure which variable affected the result of the experiment. |
| What evidence do you need that bones are living? | All bones are living cells and need a blood supply to live. |
Created by:
msnyder
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