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Ch. 14 REVIEW

DNA: The Genetic Material

QuestionAnswer
The hereditary blueprint in each cell of all living organisms Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Organism which is the focus of a scientific experiment; chosen for a set of specific reasons pertaining to the type of experiment Model Organism
Hammerling chose the unicellular green algae ______________ for this experiments. Acetabularia
Hereditary information in Acetabularia is stored in the ______________ of the cell where the nucleus resides Foot
______________ and King removed the nucleus from a frog egg to determine whether the nucleus was indeed the location of the hereditary information Briggs
______________ ______________ transplanted nuclei from tadpole cells into eggs from which the nuclei had been removed. John Gurdon
Hereditary information is stored in the nucleus of ______________ cells. Eukaryotic
Each cell contains a full set of hereditary information and can generate an entire adult individual Totipotent
Units of hereditary information Genes
Transfer of genetic material from one cell to another and can alter the genetic makeup of the recipient cell. Transformation
Hershey and Chase found that viral DNA, not ______________ , was responsible for directing the production of new viruses in their bacterial experiment. Protein
Viruses that attack bacteria Bacteriophages
Adenine and Guanine Purines
Thymine and Cytosine Pyrimidines
To identify the various chemical groups in DNA and RNA, we number the ______________ of the sugar and base. Carbons
Unit of DNA Nucleotide
The identify of the ______________ distinguishes one nucleotide from another Base
Linkage between the phosphate group of one nucleotide with the hydroxyl group of another Phosphodiester Bond
DNA strands are perfect ______________ to one another Complements
The proportions of the bases within DNA are always Proportionate
Rules that apply to DNA and the fact that is not a "simple repeating polymer" Chargaff's Rules
Obtained important structural information about DNA by performing a variety of Xray diffraction experiments Rosalind Franklin
Scientists behind the 3D model of DNA - the double helix Watson and Crick
Bases of the two strands in DNA point inward toward each other forming ______________ Base-pairs
One DNA strand runs 3' to 5' and the other 5' to 3' Antiparallel
German chemist who was the first to discover DNA Friedrich Meischer
Shape of DNA Double Helix
British microbiologist who made a series of unexpected observations while experimenting with pathogenic bacteria Griffith
Determined the agent responsible for transforming streptococcus Avery
Experimented with bacteriophages Hershey and Chase
Removed nucleus from a frog egg to determine whether it stored hereditary information Briggs and King
Transplanted nuclei from tadpole cells into eggs which the nuclei had been removed Gurdon
Nucleotide polymer; DNA or RNA Nucleic Acid
Basis for copying the genetic information of DNA Complementarity
Erases primer and fills gaps DNA polymerase I
Joins the ends of DNA segments DNA ligase
Relieves torque DNA gyrase
Specific sequence of nucleotides where replication of DNA molecule begins Replication Origin
Stabilizes single-stranded regions Single-strand Binding Protein
Synthesizes DNA DNA polymerase III
Unwinds the double helix Helicase
Theory of DNA replication which explains that while the sequence of the original duplex is conserved after one round of replication, the duplex itself is not Semiconservative
Deliberately set out to create mutations in chromosomes and then study the effects of those mutations on the organism Beadle and Tatum
Discovered the molecular basis of sickle cell anemia Ingram
Each gene encodes the structure of one enzyme One gene/One Enzyme hypothesis
Created by: SavannahElkins
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