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WM Biology Chapter12
Vocab Words from Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carrier | An individual heterozygous for a specific trait |
| fetus | A developing mammal from nine weeks to birth |
| pedigree | A graphic representation of genetic inheritance by genetics to map genetic traits. |
| autosome | Pairs of matching homolgous chomosomes in somatic cells. |
| codominant allele | Pattern where phenotypes of both homozygote parents are produced in heterozygous offspring so that both alleles are equally expressed. |
| incomplete dominance | Inheritance patterns where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes; neither allele of the pair is dominant but combine and display a new trait. |
| multiple allele | Presence of more than two alleles for a genetic trait. |
| polygenic inheritance | Inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by two or more genes; genes may be on the same or different chromosomes. |
| sex chromosome | In humans, the 23rd pair of chromosomes; determine the sex of an individual and carry sex-linked characteristics. |
| sex-linked trait | Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes. |
| karyotype | Chart of metaphase chromosome pairs arragned according to length and locaction of the centromere; used to pinpoint unusual chromosome numbers in cells. |
| phenylketonuria | Recessive disorder that results from the absence of an enzyme that converts one amino acid. Phenylalanine cannot be broken down and its by-products accumulate in the body and result to severe damage to the nervous system. |
| cystic fibrosis | A fairly common genetic disorder among white Americans. Results in the formation and accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs and disgestive tract. Comes from a recessive allele. |
| Huntington's Disease | A lethal genetic disorder caused by a rare dominant allele. It results in a breakdown of cretain areas of the brain. No effective treatements exists. |
| Simple Dominant Traits (examples) | Examples include: Attatched earlobes, widow's peak, and Hitchhiker's thumb. |
| Sickle Cell anemia | Red blood cells are shaped like a sickle, or half moon, instead of a normal disc shape. Caused by defective hemoglobin which forms crystal-like structures that change the shape of the red blood cells. Inherited codominant trait. |
| Red-Green Color blindness | Cannot tell the difference between red and green. Caused by the inheritance of a recessive allele at either of the two sites on the X Chromosome. |
| hemophilia | An X-linked disorder that causes a problem with blood clotting. One male in every 10,000 has this and one in 100 million females. |
| Down's Syndrome | A group of symptoms that results from trisomy of chromosome 21. Individuals with this disorder have at least some degree of metal retardation. |
Created by:
TBrylewski
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