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Genetics: Mitosis

Based on BIO 150 Chapter 12 power point

QuestionAnswer
How do cells produce new cells? Cell Division
What type of cell division produces two new cells from one? Mitosis
How similar are the cells that result from mitosis? They are clones of each other
What processes rely heavily on mitosis? Normal body growth and reparative functions
What are chromosomes? Packages of DNA contained in the nucleus of the cell.
What are chromosomes made of? Chromatin
What is chromatin? DNA and associated proteins
What happens to the chromatin and chromosomes during cell division? The chromatin condenses and the indivisual chromosomes become visible
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? 23
What are the last pair of chromosomes? Sex (X,Y)
What is a gene? A portion of DNA which codes for a certain trait or cellular function.
What is the complete collection of an organism's genes called? Genome
What are histones? Proteins called histones that wrap the DNA. They have a slight positive charage and DNA has a slight negative charge.
What is a nucleosome? DNA-histone complex
This spools the DNA much like a spool of thread.. Nucleosomes
What are nonhistone proteins? "scaffolding proteins" they help maintain the structure
What are the phases of the cell cycle? Interphase (G1:growth, S:synthesis, G2:more growth) M: Mitosis
What are the miotic phases? Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is Mitosis? The division of the nucleus
What is Cytokinesis? The division of the rest of the cell
The following happens in what phase? Chromosomes appear, cytoskeleton disaddembles, microtubules form a spindle that connects to the centrioles, the nuclear membrane starts to dissolve Prophase
This happens in what phase? Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (a.k.a _phase plate), the kinetochore of the chromosomes connect to the spindle fibers Metaphase
The following happens in what phase? Sister chromatids seperate, each chromatid becomes a chromosome Anaphase
The following happens in what phase? Chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell, chromosomes begin to decondense, the spindle disappears, the cytoplasm begins to pinch in (the begining of cytokinesis) Telophase
What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells? A clevage furrow forms and seperates the cells into two daughter cells
What happens during cytokinesis in plant cells? A cell plate forms and seperates the cells by building a new portion of a cell wall
What is binary fission? The process in which Prokaryotes divide
What type of organisms ghave circular bacteria that can replicate itself? Most Bacteria
What helps control the cell cycle? Checkpoints
What is the term from when cells do mitosis when it is NOT appropriate? Cancer
What is transformation? When a normal cell becomes a cancer cell
What is a tumor When cancer cells start dividing by mitosis becoming a tissue then an organ
What is Metastasis? When cancer cells spread throughout the body, usually causing multiple tumors
Created by: 100000386817304
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