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PSYC1200
Midterm 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is sensation? | Process of receiving information about the external and internal world |
| What is perception? | To impose meaningful interpretations on the information sensation provides |
| Wavelength of light energy is the perception of: | Hue (colour) |
| Amplitude of light energy is the perception of: | Brightness (intensity) |
| Purity of light energy is the perception of: | Saturation |
| Nearsightedness: | Can see close things (focus point in front of retina) |
| Farsightedness: | Can see far things (focus point behind retina) |
| Rods: | Sensitive to light. Responsible for poor lighting conditions and peripheral vision. Not sensitive to colour. |
| Cones: | Sensitive to colour. Responsible for vision in good lighting conditions and focus vision at the center of the visual field. |
| Amount of light determines rate of firing in: (These cells send this info on to the brain) | Ganglion cells |
| Colour blindness is: | A genetic variation that leads one or more of the three cone types to be missing. |
| Most common colour blindness is: | Distinguishing red from green |
| Opponent-Process Cells | Increase firing rate when exposed to wavelength for one colour but decrease firing rate when exposed to wavelength of a different colour |
| Bottom-Up Processing | 1. Detect specific features of stimulus 2. Combine specific features into more complex forms 3. Recognize stimulus |
| Top-Down Processing | 1. Formulate perceptual hypothesis about the nature of the stimulus as a whole 2. Select and examine features to check hypothesis 3. Recognize stimulus |
| Depth perception: | Image projected on retina is 2D, perception is 3D (illusion created by brain) |
| Convergence | Binocular. Eyes point more inward to bring close objects into focus |
| Retinal Disparity | Binocular. Difference in the perceived separation of two objects by the left and the right eye |
| Interposition | Monocular. Closer things obscure farther things |
| Linear Perspective | Monocular. Parallel lines are perceived as closer together when farther away |
| Motion Parallax | Monocular. When one is moving, far objects appear to move more slowly than near objects |
| Texture Gradient | Monocular. Objects seem more clustered together if farther away |
| Relative Size | Monocular. Objects that project a smaller image on the retina seem farther away |
| Relative Clarity | Monocular. Far objects will be perceived as more blurry than close objects |
| Shape Constancy | Viewing angle changes the shape of an object's image on the retina but we don't perceive its shape as changing |
| Location Constancy | As we move, location of the retinal image an object projects changes, but we don't perceive changes in its location |
| Size Constancy | An object's retinal image gets smaller as it moves farther away but we don't perceive object as getting smaller |
| Brightness Constancy | Amount of light reflected by an object changes constantly with the amount of light in the environment, but we don't perceive in object brightness |
| Colour Constancy | Wavelength of light projected by an object changes with the amount of light "out there" but we don't perceive the object as changing in colour |
| Amplitude of sound waves is the perception of: | Loudness |
| Frequency of sound waves is the perception of: | Pitch |
| Complexity of sound waves is the perception of: | Timbre |
| Pinna: | Helps tunnel sounds into ear |
| Eardrum: | Vibrates three bones (stirrup, anvil, hammer) with same amplitude and frequency |
| Cochlea: | Contains cilia that sit on top of basilar membrane. |
| Inner Ear to Brain: | Cilia press against membrane initiating signals about sound frequency and amplitude to be sent to the brain via the auditory nerve |
| Taste receptors are in: | The taste buds which are in the Papillae on the tongue |
| Basic tastes are: | Salty, sour, bitter, sweet, umami |
| Factors that determine taste: (4) | 1. Unique combination of basic tastes 2. Temperature 3. Texture 4. Smell |
| Smell goes to brain via: | The olfactory nerve. (Sent to the brain's olfactory bulb) |
Created by:
umpilome
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