ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

Energy-storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups; energy is stored in the molecule's chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells.

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

Molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group for ATP; results in a release of energy that is used for biological reactions.

Process by which a autotrophs, such as algae and plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars.

Light-Dependent Reactions

Phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in the splitting of water and the release of oxygen.

Light-Independent Reactions

Phase of photosynthesis where light energy from light-dependent reactions is used to produce glucose and additional ATP molecules.

Molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight.

Light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists; capture light energy and converted it to chemical energy.

Electron Transport Dhain

Series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized electrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released.

NADP+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate)

Electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons it becomes NADPH.

Reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependent reations where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons.

Series of reactions during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from the light-dependent reactions.

Chemical process where the mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages of cellular respiration and glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen.

Chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen.

In cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms

In cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP.

Series of anaerobic chemical reations in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis.

Alcoholic Fermentation

Anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.

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WM Biology Chapter 9

Vocab Words from Chapter 9

Question	Answer
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)	Energy-storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups; energy is stored in the molecule's chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells.
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)	Molecule formed from the breaking off of a phosphate group for ATP; results in a release of energy that is used for biological reactions.
Photosynthesis	Process by which a autotrophs, such as algae and plants, trap energy from sunlight with chlorophyll and use this energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars.
Light-Dependent Reactions	Phase of photosynthesis where light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP; results in the splitting of water and the release of oxygen.
Light-Independent Reactions	Phase of photosynthesis where light energy from light-dependent reactions is used to produce glucose and additional ATP molecules.
Pigment	Molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight.
Chlorophyll	Light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists; capture light energy and converted it to chemical energy.
Electron Transport Dhain	Series of proteins embedded in a membrane along which energized electrons are transported; as electrons are passed from molecule to molecule, energy is released.
NADP+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate)	Electron carrier molecule; when carrying excited electrons it becomes NADPH.
Photolysis	Reaction taking place in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast during light-dependent reations where two molecules of water are split to form oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons.
Calvin Cycle	Series of reactions during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis in which simple sugars are formed from carbon dioxide using ATP and hydrogen from the light-dependent reactions.
Cellular Respiration	Chemical process where the mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages of cellular respiration and glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Anaerobic	Chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen.
Aerobie	Chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen.
Glycolysis	In cellular respiration, series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms
Citric Acid Cycle	In cellular respiration, series of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP.
Lactic Acid Cycle	Series of anaerobic chemical reations in which pyruvic acid uses NADH to form lactic acid and NAD+, which is then used in glycolysis.
Alcoholic Fermentation	Anaerobic process in which cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.

Created by: TBrylewski

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