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16bio5785

CU intro to bio: lecture 16

QuestionAnswer
Genes are instructions for producing traits.
a locus. where each gene can be found on a chromosome. it is very specific.
ToF: Diploid cells have two genes (a gene pair) for each trait, one on each of the sister chromatids. False they are at each of the homologues
Alleles are various molecular forms of a gene for the same trait
Homozygous describes having identical alleles for a given trait
Heterozygous describes having different alleles for a given trait.
"true-breeds" When homozygous, the alleles are either both dominant (AA) or both recessive (aa).
ToF: When heterozygous, one allele is dominant (A), the other is recessive (a). TRUE
Genotype - is defined by the alleles that are carried (AA, Aa, aa)
phenotype is how the alleles are expressed (what you observe: e.g. attached earlobes vs. unattached earlobes).
ToF: Stated differently,phenotype refers to the alleles an individual carries, and genotype refers to the traits that an individual expresses.W FALSE: OPPOSITE of that.
Mendel's first experiments were monohybrid crosses,
Monohybrid crosses have two parents that are true-breeding for contrasting forms of a trait (white vs. purple flowers).
A testcross is a method of determining a genotype of an unknown individual by crossing a homozygous recessive individual with the individual with the unknown genotype for at particular trait
Mendel's Law of Segregation states that diploid organisms inherit pairs of genes on pairs of homologous chromosomes. Each gene segregates from the other during meiosis, so that each gamete will receive only one gene per trait.
Dihybrids are the offspring of parents that breed true for different versions of two traits.
A dihybrid cross is started by first crossing two true-breeding parents each exhibiting two forms of two different traits. The resulting F1 hybrids were allowed to self-fertilize, giving rise to offspring of 16 different combinations.
Mendel's theory of independent assortment states that as meiosis ends, genes on pairs of homologous chromosomes have been sorted out for distribution into one gamete or another, independently of gene pairs of other chromosomes
Codominance is when two non-identical alleles of a gene are both fully expressed at the same time. Therefore, neither allele can be described as dominant or recessive.
In codominance, both alleles are expressed in heterozygotes.
In incomplete dominance, a dominant allele cannot completely mask the expression of another
Some traits are affected by interactions among different gene products. This affect is called? epistasis: One gene pair can influence other gene pairs, with their combined activities producing some effect on phenotype
Marfan syndrome is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation of the gene for fibrillin, a protein found throughout the body in connective tissue
pleiotropy Sometimes the expression of alleles at one locus can have effects on two or more traits; this is termed pleiotropy
linkage groups Linked genes on specific chromosomes are referred to as linkage groups, which are genes on the same chromosome that stay together more often than others.
ToF:the probability that a crossover will disrupt the linkage of two genes is proportional to the distance that separates them. TRUE:
ToF: The environment contributes to variations in gene expression among individuals in a population. TRUE:-Fur on the extremities of Himalayan rabbits will be darker because the enzyme for melanin production will operate at cooler temperatures, but it is sensitive to heat on the rest of the body
polygenic inheritance: where many genes along a particular chromosome affect one trait. In humans, eye color and height are examples.
Created by: jseekins
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